| Table 5b: Union membership and union coverage within the public sector, 12-months ending December, 2019 to 2025 | ||||||||||
| By selected characteristics | ||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-2024 | 2025-2019 | |||||||||
| Coverage (%) | ||||||||||
| All | 37.2% | 38.4% | 37.6% | 36.8% | 36.0% | 35.7% | 36.4% | 0.6 | −0.8 | |
| Gender | Men | 37.7% | 38.5% | 38.3% | 37.7% | 37.5% | 36.5% | 37.4% | 0.8 | −0.4 | Women | 36.8% | 38.3% | 37.0% | 36.1% | 34.8% | 35.2% | 35.7% | 0.5 | −1.1 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) | White | 38.4% | 39.2% | 38.6% | 37.6% | 36.9% | 36.4% | 36.8% | 0.4 | −1.6 | Black | 30.9% | 34.7% | 34.3% | 32.7% | 32.4% | 32.4% | 33.3% | 0.9 | 2.4 | Hispanic | 39.1% | 39.5% | 38.6% | 39.0% | 37.8% | 37.3% | 37.2% | −0.1 | −1.9 | AAPI | 40.1% | 41.8% | 36.7% | 37.8% | 36.1% | 37.8% | 40.3% | 2.5 | 0.2 | Other | 23.9% | 19.1% | 21.1% | 20.3% | 21.5% | 22.1% | 25.9% | 3.7 | 2.0 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) | White | 38.4% | 39.1% | 38.5% | 37.8% | 36.9% | 36.5% | 36.7% | 0.2 | −1.8 | Black | 31.5% | 35.3% | 34.1% | 32.7% | 32.3% | 32.3% | 33.8% | 1.6 | 2.3 | Hispanic | 39.1% | 39.5% | 38.6% | 39.0% | 37.8% | 37.3% | 37.2% | −0.1 | −1.9 | Asian | 38.4% | 41.4% | 36.1% | 37.0% | 34.7% | 37.7% | 39.2% | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) and gender | White Men | 38.5% | 38.1% | 38.3% | 36.9% | 37.2% | 36.6% | 37.4% | 0.9 | −1.0 | White Women | 38.3% | 40.0% | 38.8% | 38.2% | 36.6% | 36.3% | 36.3% | 0.0 | −2.0 | Black Men | 32.1% | 36.9% | 37.2% | 38.7% | 37.1% | 37.3% | 36.1% | −1.2 | 3.9 | Black Women | 30.1% | 33.3% | 32.5% | 28.7% | 29.1% | 29.4% | 31.5% | 2.1 | 1.4 | Hispanic Men | 42.0% | 42.3% | 42.0% | 42.1% | 40.3% | 37.4% | 37.5% | 0.1 | −4.5 | Hispanic Women | 37.1% | 37.5% | 36.3% | 36.9% | 36.0% | 37.2% | 37.0% | −0.2 | 0.0 | Asian Men | 38.5% | 42.0% | 38.4% | 39.9% | 39.1% | 35.7% | 40.8% | 5.1 | 2.4 | Asian Women | 41.5% | 41.7% | 35.4% | 36.0% | 33.5% | 39.7% | 39.9% | 0.2 | −1.6 | Other Men | 23.8% | 23.0% | 19.5% | 20.6% | 20.9% | 21.7% | 30.1% | 8.4 | 6.3 | Other Women | 23.9% | 16.8% | 22.2% | 20.1% | 21.8% | 22.5% | 21.2% | −1.2 | −2.7 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) and gender | White Men | 39.0% | 38.5% | 38.7% | 37.5% | 37.6% | 36.6% | 37.3% | 0.7 | −1.6 | White Women | 38.1% | 39.6% | 38.3% | 38.0% | 36.3% | 36.3% | 36.2% | −0.1 | −1.8 | Black Men | 32.3% | 38.0% | 37.5% | 38.0% | 36.7% | 37.2% | 36.3% | −0.9 | 4.1 | Black Women | 31.0% | 33.6% | 32.0% | 29.1% | 29.3% | 29.1% | 32.1% | 3.1 | 1.2 | Hispanic Men | 42.0% | 42.3% | 42.0% | 42.1% | 40.3% | 37.4% | 37.5% | 0.1 | −4.5 | Hispanic Women | 37.1% | 37.5% | 36.3% | 36.9% | 36.0% | 37.2% | 37.0% | −0.2 | 0.0 | Asian Men | 37.2% | 41.3% | 36.6% | 38.8% | 37.7% | 35.4% | 40.7% | 5.3 | 3.5 | Asian Women | 39.4% | 41.5% | 35.7% | 35.4% | 32.1% | 39.6% | 38.0% | −1.6 | −1.4 |
| Age | 16-24 | 19.6% | 21.6% | 22.9% | 18.8% | 20.2% | 23.8% | 21.0% | −2.8 | 1.4 | 25-34 | 37.0% | 38.7% | 37.2% | 37.6% | 34.8% | 33.1% | 36.2% | 3.1 | −0.8 | 35-44 | 41.2% | 42.3% | 40.6% | 39.7% | 40.0% | 39.3% | 40.1% | 0.9 | −1.1 | 45-54 | 40.0% | 40.7% | 41.0% | 41.1% | 40.3% | 40.0% | 39.5% | −0.5 | −0.5 | 55-64 | 37.0% | 38.7% | 37.1% | 35.1% | 35.1% | 35.9% | 37.0% | 1.0 | −0.1 | 65 & up | 32.0% | 27.9% | 28.6% | 29.5% | 26.0% | 27.7% | 27.4% | −0.2 | −4.6 |
| Membership (%) | ||||||||||
| All | 33.6% | 34.8% | 33.9% | 33.2% | 32.5% | 32.2% | 32.9% | 0.8 | −0.7 | |
| Gender | Men | 34.5% | 34.8% | 34.6% | 34.5% | 34.1% | 32.8% | 33.7% | 0.9 | −0.7 | Women | 33.0% | 34.7% | 33.3% | 32.1% | 31.3% | 31.6% | 32.3% | 0.7 | −0.6 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) | White | 34.5% | 35.4% | 34.7% | 33.8% | 33.0% | 32.6% | 33.2% | 0.6 | −1.3 | Black | 28.1% | 31.7% | 31.4% | 29.6% | 29.9% | 28.9% | 30.7% | 1.8 | 2.7 | Hispanic | 35.4% | 35.4% | 34.7% | 35.5% | 34.7% | 33.9% | 33.8% | −0.2 | −1.6 | AAPI | 37.3% | 38.6% | 33.2% | 34.9% | 32.3% | 34.6% | 36.1% | 1.5 | −1.2 | Other | 22.3% | 17.0% | 20.0% | 15.7% | 19.6% | 21.7% | 21.4% | −0.2 | −0.8 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) | White | 34.7% | 35.3% | 34.6% | 34.0% | 33.2% | 32.7% | 33.2% | 0.5 | −1.5 | Black | 28.4% | 32.3% | 31.0% | 29.5% | 29.6% | 29.1% | 31.2% | 2.0 | 2.7 | Hispanic | 35.4% | 35.4% | 34.7% | 35.5% | 34.7% | 33.9% | 33.8% | −0.2 | −1.6 | Asian | 35.7% | 38.1% | 32.3% | 33.8% | 31.1% | 34.3% | 34.4% | 0.0 | −1.3 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) and gender | White Men | 34.9% | 34.4% | 34.5% | 33.8% | 33.5% | 32.7% | 33.6% | 1.0 | −1.3 | White Women | 34.2% | 36.2% | 34.8% | 33.8% | 32.6% | 32.6% | 32.9% | 0.3 | −1.3 | Black Men | 29.6% | 33.1% | 33.8% | 36.0% | 34.6% | 34.0% | 33.4% | −0.6 | 3.8 | Black Women | 26.9% | 30.8% | 29.9% | 25.4% | 26.7% | 25.8% | 28.9% | 3.1 | 2.0 | Hispanic Men | 38.8% | 37.9% | 37.4% | 37.8% | 37.5% | 33.8% | 34.5% | 0.7 | −4.2 | Hispanic Women | 33.1% | 33.5% | 32.8% | 34.0% | 32.7% | 34.0% | 33.2% | −0.8 | 0.1 | Asian Men | 36.2% | 39.2% | 35.5% | 36.3% | 34.5% | 32.5% | 36.0% | 3.5 | −0.2 | Asian Women | 38.4% | 38.1% | 31.2% | 33.6% | 30.3% | 36.4% | 36.2% | −0.2 | −2.2 | Other Men | 22.5% | 21.1% | 18.0% | 16.3% | 20.4% | 21.7% | 24.3% | 2.6 | 1.8 | Other Women | 22.0% | 14.5% | 21.4% | 15.1% | 19.0% | 21.6% | 18.3% | −3.3 | −3.8 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) and gender | White Men | 35.5% | 34.8% | 34.8% | 34.3% | 34.1% | 32.7% | 33.7% | 1.0 | −1.7 | White Women | 34.0% | 35.7% | 34.4% | 33.8% | 32.5% | 32.7% | 32.7% | 0.0 | −1.3 | Black Men | 29.5% | 34.0% | 33.9% | 35.2% | 33.9% | 34.3% | 33.6% | −0.7 | 4.0 | Black Women | 27.7% | 31.2% | 29.3% | 25.7% | 26.6% | 25.9% | 29.6% | 3.7 | 1.9 | Hispanic Men | 38.8% | 37.9% | 37.4% | 37.8% | 37.5% | 33.8% | 34.5% | 0.7 | −4.2 | Hispanic Women | 33.1% | 33.5% | 32.8% | 34.0% | 32.7% | 34.0% | 33.2% | −0.8 | 0.1 | Asian Men | 34.9% | 38.1% | 33.0% | 35.0% | 33.5% | 32.1% | 35.3% | 3.1 | 0.4 | Asian Women | 36.4% | 38.1% | 31.7% | 32.7% | 29.0% | 36.2% | 33.6% | −2.7 | −2.8 |
| Age | 16-24 | 17.1% | 18.9% | 19.0% | 16.9% | 18.1% | 18.2% | 18.3% | 0.1 | 1.3 | 25-34 | 33.1% | 35.0% | 33.9% | 33.5% | 31.1% | 29.9% | 32.5% | 2.6 | −0.5 | 35-44 | 37.5% | 39.0% | 36.6% | 36.4% | 36.0% | 35.5% | 36.1% | 0.6 | −1.5 | 45-54 | 36.4% | 37.0% | 37.4% | 37.2% | 36.9% | 36.7% | 36.5% | −0.3 | 0.1 | 55-64 | 33.4% | 34.3% | 33.0% | 31.4% | 31.5% | 32.2% | 33.6% | 1.4 | 0.1 | 65 & up | 29.2% | 25.1% | 25.5% | 25.7% | 23.7% | 24.8% | 24.5% | −0.2 | −4.7 |
| Coverage | ||||||||||
| All | 7,813,000 | 7,915,000 | 7,745,000 | 7,832,000 | 7,763,000 | 7,800,000 | 8,039,000 | 239,000 | 226,000 | |
| Gender | Men | 3,388,000 | 3,397,000 | 3,372,000 | 3,470,000 | 3,505,000 | 3,428,000 | 3,552,000 | 125,000 | 164,000 | Women | 4,425,000 | 4,518,000 | 4,373,000 | 4,362,000 | 4,257,000 | 4,372,000 | 4,486,000 | 114,000 | 62,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) | White | 5,248,000 | 5,201,000 | 5,147,000 | 5,114,000 | 4,990,000 | 4,921,000 | 4,932,000 | 11,000 | −316,000 | Black | 989,000 | 1,084,000 | 1,095,000 | 1,107,000 | 1,145,000 | 1,159,000 | 1,125,000 | −34,000 | 136,000 | Hispanic | 1,012,000 | 1,078,000 | 992,000 | 1,078,000 | 1,071,000 | 1,147,000 | 1,293,000 | 146,000 | 281,000 | AAPI | 485,000 | 493,000 | 442,000 | 468,000 | 488,000 | 495,000 | 597,000 | 102,000 | 112,000 | Other | 79,000 | 60,000 | 69,000 | 66,000 | 69,000 | 77,000 | 91,000 | 13,000 | 12,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) | White | 6,139,000 | 6,131,000 | 5,983,000 | 6,035,000 | 5,904,000 | 5,908,000 | 6,015,000 | 107,000 | −124,000 | Black | 1,019,000 | 1,103,000 | 1,096,000 | 1,118,000 | 1,138,000 | 1,150,000 | 1,128,000 | −22,000 | 110,000 | Hispanic | 1,012,000 | 1,078,000 | 992,000 | 1,078,000 | 1,071,000 | 1,147,000 | 1,293,000 | 146,000 | 281,000 | Asian | 410,000 | 425,000 | 377,000 | 399,000 | 405,000 | 426,000 | 518,000 | 92,000 | 108,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) and gender | White Men | 2,267,000 | 2,205,000 | 2,239,000 | 2,217,000 | 2,219,000 | 2,194,000 | 2,197,000 | 4,000 | −69,000 | White Women | 2,981,000 | 2,995,000 | 2,908,000 | 2,897,000 | 2,770,000 | 2,727,000 | 2,735,000 | 8,000 | −246,000 | Black Men | 423,000 | 445,000 | 454,000 | 524,000 | 535,000 | 506,000 | 488,000 | −18,000 | 65,000 | Black Women | 566,000 | 639,000 | 641,000 | 582,000 | 610,000 | 653,000 | 637,000 | −16,000 | 71,000 | Hispanic Men | 443,000 | 491,000 | 443,000 | 467,000 | 477,000 | 474,000 | 539,000 | 65,000 | 97,000 | Hispanic Women | 569,000 | 587,000 | 549,000 | 610,000 | 594,000 | 673,000 | 754,000 | 81,000 | 185,000 | Asian Men | 220,000 | 228,000 | 209,000 | 231,000 | 247,000 | 222,000 | 272,000 | 50,000 | 53,000 | Asian Women | 265,000 | 264,000 | 233,000 | 237,000 | 241,000 | 273,000 | 325,000 | 52,000 | 59,000 | Other Men | 37,000 | 27,000 | 26,000 | 30,000 | 27,000 | 32,000 | 55,000 | 24,000 | 19,000 | Other Women | 42,000 | 32,000 | 42,000 | 36,000 | 42,000 | 45,000 | 35,000 | −10,000 | −7,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) and gender | White Men | 2,660,000 | 2,625,000 | 2,615,000 | 2,615,000 | 2,634,000 | 2,597,000 | 2,649,000 | 52,000 | −11,000 | White Women | 3,479,000 | 3,506,000 | 3,368,000 | 3,420,000 | 3,270,000 | 3,311,000 | 3,366,000 | 56,000 | −112,000 | Black Men | 427,000 | 454,000 | 459,000 | 519,000 | 524,000 | 518,000 | 485,000 | −33,000 | 58,000 | Black Women | 592,000 | 649,000 | 637,000 | 598,000 | 614,000 | 632,000 | 643,000 | 11,000 | 52,000 | Hispanic Men | 443,000 | 491,000 | 443,000 | 467,000 | 477,000 | 474,000 | 539,000 | 65,000 | 97,000 | Hispanic Women | 569,000 | 587,000 | 549,000 | 610,000 | 594,000 | 673,000 | 754,000 | 81,000 | 185,000 | Asian Men | 184,000 | 197,000 | 169,000 | 196,000 | 210,000 | 187,000 | 246,000 | 59,000 | 63,000 | Asian Women | 227,000 | 227,000 | 208,000 | 203,000 | 195,000 | 239,000 | 272,000 | 33,000 | 45,000 |
| Age | 16-24 | 281,000 | 254,000 | 264,000 | 245,000 | 276,000 | 353,000 | 348,000 | −5,000 | 67,000 | 25-34 | 1,552,000 | 1,642,000 | 1,576,000 | 1,612,000 | 1,517,000 | 1,459,000 | 1,600,000 | 141,000 | 48,000 | 35-44 | 1,946,000 | 2,065,000 | 1,909,000 | 1,989,000 | 2,090,000 | 2,029,000 | 2,152,000 | 122,000 | 206,000 | 45-54 | 2,018,000 | 1,980,000 | 2,092,000 | 2,118,000 | 2,099,000 | 2,099,000 | 2,062,000 | −37,000 | 44,000 | 55-64 | 1,579,000 | 1,624,000 | 1,549,000 | 1,473,000 | 1,434,000 | 1,451,000 | 1,496,000 | 45,000 | −83,000 | 65 & up | 436,000 | 349,000 | 356,000 | 395,000 | 345,000 | 409,000 | 381,000 | −28,000 | −55,000 |
| Membership | ||||||||||
| All | 7,059,000 | 7,168,000 | 6,978,000 | 7,061,000 | 7,007,000 | 7,017,000 | 7,276,000 | 260,000 | 218,000 | |
| Gender | Men | 3,095,000 | 3,071,000 | 3,043,000 | 3,176,000 | 3,184,000 | 3,084,000 | 3,207,000 | 124,000 | 112,000 | Women | 3,963,000 | 4,097,000 | 3,935,000 | 3,885,000 | 3,823,000 | 3,933,000 | 4,069,000 | 136,000 | 106,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) | White | 4,719,000 | 4,703,000 | 4,621,000 | 4,595,000 | 4,466,000 | 4,410,000 | 4,456,000 | 46,000 | −263,000 | Black | 898,000 | 992,000 | 1,001,000 | 1,002,000 | 1,058,000 | 1,035,000 | 1,038,000 | 3,000 | 140,000 | Hispanic | 917,000 | 965,000 | 891,000 | 982,000 | 984,000 | 1,044,000 | 1,173,000 | 129,000 | 256,000 | AAPI | 452,000 | 455,000 | 400,000 | 431,000 | 436,000 | 452,000 | 534,000 | 82,000 | 83,000 | Other | 73,000 | 53,000 | 65,000 | 51,000 | 63,000 | 76,000 | 75,000 | −1,000 | 2,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) | White | 5,533,000 | 5,534,000 | 5,375,000 | 5,436,000 | 5,310,000 | 5,301,000 | 5,438,000 | 137,000 | −95,000 | Black | 920,000 | 1,010,000 | 998,000 | 1,009,000 | 1,041,000 | 1,039,000 | 1,040,000 | 1,000 | 120,000 | Hispanic | 917,000 | 965,000 | 891,000 | 982,000 | 984,000 | 1,044,000 | 1,173,000 | 129,000 | 256,000 | Asian | 382,000 | 391,000 | 338,000 | 365,000 | 363,000 | 388,000 | 454,000 | 66,000 | 72,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) and gender | White Men | 2,056,000 | 1,993,000 | 2,018,000 | 2,036,000 | 1,997,000 | 1,960,000 | 1,974,000 | 14,000 | −82,000 | White Women | 2,663,000 | 2,711,000 | 2,604,000 | 2,559,000 | 2,469,000 | 2,449,000 | 2,482,000 | 32,000 | −182,000 | Black Men | 390,000 | 399,000 | 412,000 | 487,000 | 498,000 | 461,000 | 452,000 | −9,000 | 62,000 | Black Women | 508,000 | 592,000 | 589,000 | 515,000 | 559,000 | 574,000 | 586,000 | 12,000 | 78,000 | Hispanic Men | 408,000 | 440,000 | 395,000 | 419,000 | 443,000 | 428,000 | 496,000 | 68,000 | 88,000 | Hispanic Women | 508,000 | 525,000 | 496,000 | 563,000 | 541,000 | 615,000 | 677,000 | 61,000 | 168,000 | Asian Men | 206,000 | 214,000 | 194,000 | 210,000 | 218,000 | 202,000 | 240,000 | 38,000 | 33,000 | Asian Women | 245,000 | 241,000 | 206,000 | 221,000 | 218,000 | 251,000 | 295,000 | 44,000 | 49,000 | Other Men | 35,000 | 25,000 | 24,000 | 24,000 | 27,000 | 32,000 | 45,000 | 13,000 | 10,000 | Other Women | 39,000 | 28,000 | 41,000 | 27,000 | 37,000 | 44,000 | 30,000 | −13,000 | −8,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) and gender | White Men | 2,422,000 | 2,372,000 | 2,350,000 | 2,396,000 | 2,385,000 | 2,321,000 | 2,394,000 | 73,000 | −28,000 | White Women | 3,111,000 | 3,162,000 | 3,024,000 | 3,040,000 | 2,925,000 | 2,980,000 | 3,044,000 | 64,000 | −67,000 | Black Men | 391,000 | 407,000 | 415,000 | 481,000 | 483,000 | 477,000 | 448,000 | −28,000 | 58,000 | Black Women | 529,000 | 603,000 | 583,000 | 528,000 | 558,000 | 562,000 | 592,000 | 29,000 | 62,000 | Hispanic Men | 408,000 | 440,000 | 395,000 | 419,000 | 443,000 | 428,000 | 496,000 | 68,000 | 88,000 | Hispanic Women | 508,000 | 525,000 | 496,000 | 563,000 | 541,000 | 615,000 | 677,000 | 61,000 | 168,000 | Asian Men | 172,000 | 182,000 | 153,000 | 177,000 | 186,000 | 170,000 | 214,000 | 44,000 | 41,000 | Asian Women | 210,000 | 209,000 | 185,000 | 188,000 | 176,000 | 219,000 | 241,000 | 22,000 | 31,000 |
| Age | 16-24 | 245,000 | 223,000 | 219,000 | 220,000 | 248,000 | 271,000 | 304,000 | 33,000 | 59,000 | 25-34 | 1,387,000 | 1,484,000 | 1,434,000 | 1,439,000 | 1,354,000 | 1,319,000 | 1,437,000 | 118,000 | 51,000 | 35-44 | 1,770,000 | 1,905,000 | 1,720,000 | 1,824,000 | 1,883,000 | 1,833,000 | 1,934,000 | 101,000 | 163,000 | 45-54 | 1,833,000 | 1,802,000 | 1,911,000 | 1,916,000 | 1,923,000 | 1,928,000 | 1,904,000 | −24,000 | 70,000 | 55-64 | 1,426,000 | 1,439,000 | 1,378,000 | 1,318,000 | 1,285,000 | 1,301,000 | 1,359,000 | 58,000 | −68,000 | 65 & up | 398,000 | 315,000 | 317,000 | 343,000 | 314,000 | 366,000 | 340,000 | −26,000 | −58,000 |
| Total employment | ||||||||||
| All | 21,011,000 | 20,618,000 | 20,613,000 | 21,298,000 | 21,573,000 | 21,821,000 | 22,089,000 | 268,000 | 1,078,000 | |
| Gender | Men | 8,985,000 | 8,822,000 | 8,796,000 | 9,204,000 | 9,348,000 | 9,388,000 | 9,510,000 | 122,000 | 525,000 | Women | 12,026,000 | 11,796,000 | 11,817,000 | 12,094,000 | 12,225,000 | 12,433,000 | 12,579,000 | 147,000 | 553,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) | White | 13,682,000 | 13,276,000 | 13,325,000 | 13,589,000 | 13,529,000 | 13,511,000 | 13,407,000 | −104,000 | −275,000 | Black | 3,200,000 | 3,125,000 | 3,191,000 | 3,382,000 | 3,534,000 | 3,576,000 | 3,378,000 | −198,000 | 178,000 | Hispanic | 2,590,000 | 2,728,000 | 2,567,000 | 2,765,000 | 2,835,000 | 3,075,000 | 3,474,000 | 398,000 | 884,000 | AAPI | 1,210,000 | 1,178,000 | 1,205,000 | 1,236,000 | 1,351,000 | 1,309,000 | 1,480,000 | 171,000 | 270,000 | Other | 330,000 | 312,000 | 325,000 | 325,000 | 324,000 | 350,000 | 350,000 | 1,000 | 21,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) | White | 15,969,000 | 15,677,000 | 15,552,000 | 15,983,000 | 16,014,000 | 16,203,000 | 16,393,000 | 190,000 | 424,000 | Black | 3,234,000 | 3,129,000 | 3,214,000 | 3,422,000 | 3,523,000 | 3,566,000 | 3,337,000 | −229,000 | 102,000 | Hispanic | 2,590,000 | 2,728,000 | 2,567,000 | 2,765,000 | 2,835,000 | 3,075,000 | 3,474,000 | 398,000 | 884,000 | Asian | 1,069,000 | 1,027,000 | 1,045,000 | 1,080,000 | 1,164,000 | 1,131,000 | 1,322,000 | 190,000 | 252,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) and gender | White Men | 5,891,000 | 5,792,000 | 5,839,000 | 6,015,000 | 5,963,000 | 5,998,000 | 5,868,000 | −130,000 | −23,000 | White Women | 7,791,000 | 7,484,000 | 7,486,000 | 7,574,000 | 7,567,000 | 7,512,000 | 7,539,000 | 27,000 | −252,000 | Black Men | 1,316,000 | 1,205,000 | 1,220,000 | 1,355,000 | 1,441,000 | 1,356,000 | 1,354,000 | −3,000 | 38,000 | Black Women | 1,884,000 | 1,920,000 | 1,971,000 | 2,028,000 | 2,094,000 | 2,220,000 | 2,024,000 | −196,000 | 140,000 | Hispanic Men | 1,053,000 | 1,163,000 | 1,056,000 | 1,110,000 | 1,183,000 | 1,266,000 | 1,438,000 | 172,000 | 384,000 | Hispanic Women | 1,536,000 | 1,565,000 | 1,511,000 | 1,656,000 | 1,652,000 | 1,810,000 | 2,036,000 | 226,000 | 500,000 | Asian Men | 570,000 | 544,000 | 546,000 | 578,000 | 631,000 | 621,000 | 666,000 | 45,000 | 96,000 | Asian Women | 639,000 | 633,000 | 659,000 | 658,000 | 719,000 | 688,000 | 814,000 | 126,000 | 175,000 | Other Men | 154,000 | 119,000 | 136,000 | 147,000 | 131,000 | 147,000 | 184,000 | 37,000 | 30,000 | Other Women | 175,000 | 194,000 | 190,000 | 178,000 | 193,000 | 202,000 | 166,000 | −36,000 | −9,000 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) and gender | White Men | 6,827,000 | 6,819,000 | 6,758,000 | 6,981,000 | 7,002,000 | 7,090,000 | 7,097,000 | 7,000 | 270,000 | White Women | 9,141,000 | 8,858,000 | 8,794,000 | 9,002,000 | 9,012,000 | 9,114,000 | 9,296,000 | 182,000 | 155,000 | Black Men | 1,323,000 | 1,197,000 | 1,224,000 | 1,366,000 | 1,426,000 | 1,391,000 | 1,336,000 | −55,000 | 13,000 | Black Women | 1,911,000 | 1,932,000 | 1,990,000 | 2,056,000 | 2,096,000 | 2,174,000 | 2,001,000 | −174,000 | 89,000 | Hispanic Men | 1,053,000 | 1,163,000 | 1,056,000 | 1,110,000 | 1,183,000 | 1,266,000 | 1,438,000 | 172,000 | 384,000 | Hispanic Women | 1,536,000 | 1,565,000 | 1,511,000 | 1,656,000 | 1,652,000 | 1,810,000 | 2,036,000 | 226,000 | 500,000 | Asian Men | 493,000 | 479,000 | 463,000 | 507,000 | 556,000 | 528,000 | 606,000 | 78,000 | 112,000 | Asian Women | 576,000 | 548,000 | 582,000 | 573,000 | 608,000 | 604,000 | 716,000 | 112,000 | 140,000 |
| Age | 16-24 | 1,434,000 | 1,179,000 | 1,151,000 | 1,300,000 | 1,367,000 | 1,484,000 | 1,658,000 | 174,000 | 224,000 | 25-34 | 4,193,000 | 4,241,000 | 4,236,000 | 4,290,000 | 4,360,000 | 4,404,000 | 4,416,000 | 12,000 | 223,000 | 35-44 | 4,717,000 | 4,884,000 | 4,699,000 | 5,013,000 | 5,230,000 | 5,169,000 | 5,360,000 | 191,000 | 643,000 | 45-54 | 5,040,000 | 4,867,000 | 5,103,000 | 5,158,000 | 5,207,000 | 5,249,000 | 5,221,000 | −28,000 | 181,000 | 55-64 | 4,265,000 | 4,195,000 | 4,180,000 | 4,199,000 | 4,084,000 | 4,037,000 | 4,046,000 | 9,000 | −219,000 | 65 & up | 1,362,000 | 1,253,000 | 1,243,000 | 1,338,000 | 1,325,000 | 1,478,000 | 1,387,000 | −90,000 | 26,000 |
| Sample size | ||||||||||
| All | 154,727 | 133,671 | 134,177 | 129,714 | 125,755 | 125,586 | 109,539 | |||
| Gender | Men | 78,633 | 68,252 | 68,586 | 66,361 | 64,079 | 64,060 | 55,879 | Women | 76,094 | 65,419 | 65,591 | 63,353 | 61,676 | 61,526 | 53,660 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) | White | 104,491 | 91,644 | 89,917 | 85,487 | 82,151 | 81,427 | 70,889 | Black | 15,570 | 13,234 | 13,657 | 13,218 | 12,696 | 12,160 | 10,586 | Hispanic | 22,427 | 18,331 | 19,641 | 19,882 | 20,031 | 20,910 | 18,100 | AAPI | 10,236 | 8,842 | 9,293 | 9,512 | 9,276 | 9,503 | 8,529 | Other | 2,003 | 1,620 | 1,669 | 1,615 | 1,601 | 1,586 | 1,435 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) | White | 124,948 | 108,361 | 107,668 | 103,483 | 100,355 | 100,364 | 87,253 | Black | 15,566 | 13,181 | 13,689 | 13,247 | 12,710 | 12,207 | 10,536 | Hispanic | 22,427 | 18,331 | 19,641 | 19,882 | 20,031 | 20,910 | 18,100 | Asian | 9,027 | 7,833 | 8,295 | 8,338 | 8,042 | 8,374 | 7,445 |
| Race/ethnicity (EPI**) and gender | White Men | 53,624 | 47,151 | 46,209 | 43,956 | 42,126 | 41,654 | 36,318 | White Women | 50,867 | 44,493 | 43,708 | 41,531 | 40,025 | 39,773 | 34,571 | Black Men | 6,843 | 5,837 | 6,091 | 6,003 | 5,734 | 5,529 | 4,882 | Black Women | 8,727 | 7,397 | 7,566 | 7,215 | 6,962 | 6,631 | 5,704 | Hispanic Men | 11,978 | 9,933 | 10,676 | 10,745 | 10,692 | 11,274 | 9,597 | Hispanic Women | 10,449 | 8,398 | 8,965 | 9,137 | 9,339 | 9,636 | 8,503 | Asian Men | 5,210 | 4,552 | 4,781 | 4,870 | 4,755 | 4,838 | 4,338 | Asian Women | 5,026 | 4,290 | 4,512 | 4,642 | 4,521 | 4,665 | 4,191 | Other Men | 978 | 779 | 829 | 787 | 772 | 765 | 744 | Other Women | 1,025 | 841 | 840 | 828 | 829 | 821 | 691 |
| Race/ethnicity (BLS***) and gender | White Men | 64,624 | 56,245 | 55,916 | 53,769 | 51,894 | 51,935 | 45,034 | White Women | 60,324 | 52,116 | 51,752 | 49,714 | 48,461 | 48,429 | 42,219 | Black Men | 6,848 | 5,818 | 6,121 | 5,986 | 5,721 | 5,557 | 4,835 | Black Women | 8,718 | 7,363 | 7,568 | 7,261 | 6,989 | 6,650 | 5,701 | Hispanic Men | 11,978 | 9,933 | 10,676 | 10,745 | 10,692 | 11,274 | 9,597 | Hispanic Women | 10,449 | 8,398 | 8,965 | 9,137 | 9,339 | 9,636 | 8,503 | Asian Men | 4,597 | 4,082 | 4,267 | 4,284 | 4,158 | 4,273 | 3,821 | Asian Women | 4,430 | 3,751 | 4,028 | 4,054 | 3,884 | 4,101 | 3,624 |
| Age | 16-24 | 18,696 | 15,210 | 16,139 | 15,440 | 15,174 | 15,109 | 12,927 | 25-34 | 34,093 | 28,809 | 29,376 | 28,324 | 27,207 | 27,045 | 23,435 | 35-44 | 33,172 | 29,094 | 29,390 | 28,632 | 27,722 | 28,161 | 24,564 | 45-54 | 31,451 | 27,351 | 26,859 | 25,785 | 25,084 | 24,895 | 21,726 | 55-64 | 27,428 | 24,275 | 23,513 | 22,638 | 21,606 | 21,212 | 18,699 | 65 & up | 9,887 | 8,932 | 8,900 | 8,895 | 8,962 | 9,164 | 8,188 |
| * Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes. | ||||||||||
| ** The EPI race/ethnicity categories in this table are mutually exclusive (i.e., white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, and Hispanic any race). Data here will not match published BLS data because the BLS categories are not mutually exclusive. | ||||||||||
| *** The BLS race/ethnicity categories in this table are not mutually exclusive (i.e., white, Black, and Hispanic overlapping any race) to more closely match published BLS data. | ||||||||||
| Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding. | ||||||||||
| Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2026. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 2026.1.14, https://microdata.epi.org. | ||||||||||