Table 5b: Union membership and union coverage within the public sector, 12-months ending December, 2019 to 2024
By state
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
Alabama	23.0%	22.5%	18.3%	25.2%	23.9%	22.9%	−0.9	−0.1
Alaska	43.3%	45.0%	40.8%	36.9%	35.9%	48.2%	12.3	4.9
Arizona	24.4%	28.9%	25.8%	19.3%	18.9%	16.3%	−2.6	−8.1
Arkansas	11.0%	12.9%	8.7%	10.3%	10.8%	12.1%	1.3	1.1
California	56.1%	55.4%	57.9%	57.4%	55.4%	53.5%	−1.9	−2.6
Colorado	27.4%	22.6%	20.6%	20.5%	26.2%	22.3%	−3.9	−5.1
Connecticut	65.4%	76.2%	69.3%	61.1%	68.7%	64.3%	−4.4	−1.1
Delaware	37.8%	39.7%	31.0%	38.0%	35.1%	39.0%	3.9	1.2
District Of Columbia	22.4%	20.7%	22.0%	22.0%	24.0%	24.0%	0.0	1.6
Florida	31.6%	29.8%	26.2%	26.4%	26.2%	27.1%	0.9	−4.4
Georgia	11.4%	18.9%	17.9%	17.5%	17.2%	15.1%	−2.2	3.7
Hawaii	57.0%	57.2%	49.9%	55.6%	56.4%	62.5%	6.0	5.5
Idaho	20.6%	19.9%	19.5%	17.9%	15.5%	18.1%	2.6	−2.5
Illinois	47.9%	58.2%	52.4%	51.8%	49.6%	52.4%	2.8	4.5
Indiana	26.8%	32.3%	33.2%	27.0%	23.1%	27.8%	4.7	1.1
Iowa	26.1%	31.9%	27.4%	28.3%	26.8%	27.3%	0.5	1.2
Kansas	26.4%	26.3%	27.8%	27.9%	25.9%	23.2%	−2.7	−3.2
Kentucky	20.4%	15.1%	18.4%	23.9%	27.2%	23.4%	−3.8	2.9
Louisiana	16.1%	17.3%	15.9%	16.5%	13.9%	14.6%	0.8	−1.4
Maine	53.9%	55.3%	52.0%	49.5%	45.2%	51.5%	6.3	−2.5
Maryland	37.5%	35.8%	31.5%	33.1%	31.4%	33.1%	1.7	−4.4
Massachusetts	53.2%	55.7%	55.3%	58.4%	56.1%	61.9%	5.8	8.7
Michigan	48.4%	48.1%	52.4%	49.1%	43.4%	42.2%	−1.2	−6.2
Minnesota	55.8%	65.1%	57.1%	50.8%	51.5%	52.8%	1.3	−3.0
Mississippi	18.3%	18.8%	16.2%	15.0%	17.4%	13.8%	−3.6	−4.5
Missouri	32.2%	29.6%	28.0%	25.5%	25.8%	23.4%	−2.4	−8.8
Montana	39.5%	40.4%	37.5%	39.3%	38.0%	40.9%	2.9	1.4
Nebraska	33.9%	39.0%	26.5%	24.3%	33.5%	32.0%	−1.5	−1.9
Nevada	39.1%	42.7%	47.6%	42.0%	40.2%	34.9%	−5.3	−4.2
New Hampshire	51.7%	50.5%	51.5%	51.0%	49.8%	46.4%	−3.4	−5.3
New Jersey	62.8%	62.7%	64.5%	60.2%	59.0%	62.1%	3.1	−0.7
New Mexico	22.8%	20.7%	21.0%	27.8%	22.5%	20.0%	−2.5	−2.8
New York	68.5%	70.9%	70.7%	68.7%	65.8%	68.5%	2.6	0.0
North Carolina	12.2%	12.7%	11.4%	11.4%	9.3%	8.7%	−0.6	−3.6
North Dakota	22.8%	20.8%	22.1%	23.8%	20.1%	15.6%	−4.5	−7.2
Ohio	46.0%	48.2%	49.0%	48.9%	46.3%	43.7%	−2.6	−2.3
Oklahoma	25.0%	20.9%	23.5%	21.0%	26.3%	19.1%	−7.1	−5.8
Oregon	56.7%	56.6%	61.6%	61.2%	52.4%	55.4%	2.9	−1.4
Pennsylvania	56.8%	57.3%	55.7%	54.6%	57.4%	51.1%	−6.3	−5.8
Rhode Island	65.9%	70.0%	66.6%	63.9%	49.1%	55.0%	5.9	−10.8
South Carolina	8.8%	10.9%	5.5%	4.6%	6.9%	13.1%	6.2	4.3
South Dakota	26.7%	17.7%	15.0%	19.8%	18.0%	13.8%	−4.2	−12.9
Tennessee	17.0%	15.4%	19.7%	24.5%	20.7%	16.8%	−3.9	−0.2
Texas	17.3%	20.8%	16.9%	19.3%	19.3%	18.2%	−1.2	0.9
Utah	16.9%	16.3%	18.8%	24.8%	21.8%	18.9%	−2.9	2.1
Vermont	45.5%	46.2%	45.7%	46.9%	53.4%	47.4%	−6.0	1.9
Virginia	13.1%	15.0%	17.6%	10.8%	14.5%	15.3%	0.8	2.2
Washington	55.3%	54.7%	54.7%	52.2%	54.4%	51.6%	−2.8	−3.7
West Virginia	23.7%	26.2%	25.7%	21.7%	21.8%	24.8%	3.0	1.1
Wisconsin	29.8%	27.2%	25.7%	21.8%	24.3%	19.7%	−4.6	−10.1
Wyoming	17.9%	17.3%	12.8%	17.9%	16.6%	13.5%	−3.1	−4.4
Membership (%)
Alabama	19.0%	20.9%	15.7%	21.8%	21.5%	19.2%	−2.2	0.3
Alaska	39.8%	41.1%	37.9%	33.9%	34.7%	43.3%	8.6	3.5
Arizona	20.1%	19.3%	20.7%	17.4%	16.8%	12.3%	−4.5	−7.9
Arkansas	9.2%	10.4%	7.0%	8.1%	9.0%	9.0%	0.0	−0.2
California	52.6%	51.7%	54.5%	53.5%	51.2%	49.4%	−1.8	−3.2
Colorado	24.2%	19.4%	18.2%	18.1%	19.8%	22.0%	2.2	−2.2
Connecticut	62.7%	74.1%	68.3%	58.2%	67.0%	61.2%	−5.9	−1.6
Delaware	34.8%	38.2%	29.6%	34.4%	30.8%	36.6%	5.9	1.8
District Of Columbia	20.5%	18.0%	19.4%	19.3%	21.1%	21.1%	0.0	0.6
Florida	26.5%	24.8%	22.5%	21.7%	20.5%	23.0%	2.5	−3.5
Georgia	9.1%	14.1%	15.4%	13.4%	14.0%	12.9%	−1.1	3.8
Hawaii	52.7%	53.7%	46.5%	52.3%	53.0%	61.0%	8.0	8.2
Idaho	17.4%	17.2%	14.7%	13.9%	12.8%	16.0%	3.2	−1.4
Illinois	45.8%	55.0%	48.7%	49.2%	46.1%	48.4%	2.2	2.5
Indiana	21.0%	26.9%	27.5%	21.0%	19.6%	21.4%	1.7	0.4
Iowa	18.5%	20.6%	20.1%	20.9%	21.3%	19.6%	−1.7	1.1
Kansas	22.5%	20.9%	20.0%	20.5%	19.8%	17.1%	−2.7	−5.5
Kentucky	16.5%	12.2%	12.2%	16.6%	22.6%	17.2%	−5.4	0.6
Louisiana	14.1%	15.4%	13.2%	12.9%	11.6%	11.7%	0.1	−2.4
Maine	45.7%	46.6%	45.3%	42.2%	37.4%	43.6%	6.3	−2.1
Maryland	33.5%	33.5%	28.4%	28.8%	26.3%	28.8%	2.5	−4.7
Massachusetts	51.2%	53.8%	51.3%	56.4%	54.5%	59.2%	4.7	8.0
Michigan	45.1%	44.2%	45.1%	45.0%	39.2%	37.7%	−1.5	−7.4
Minnesota	53.7%	61.5%	54.7%	47.5%	49.0%	50.9%	1.9	−2.8
Mississippi	16.2%	16.5%	12.1%	12.6%	12.8%	9.7%	−3.1	−6.5
Missouri	28.1%	27.8%	23.4%	22.0%	22.3%	20.7%	−1.6	−7.4
Montana	34.5%	38.2%	32.3%	35.1%	33.6%	37.2%	3.6	2.7
Nebraska	27.9%	35.1%	22.9%	19.1%	25.9%	28.3%	2.3	0.3
Nevada	32.9%	34.8%	40.1%	36.2%	33.3%	31.8%	−1.5	−1.1
New Hampshire	44.7%	44.1%	47.0%	46.5%	45.3%	38.6%	−6.8	−6.1
New Jersey	58.1%	59.2%	59.3%	57.4%	56.1%	59.3%	3.1	1.2
New Mexico	17.2%	16.7%	17.3%	22.6%	18.7%	16.9%	−1.8	−0.3
New York	65.5%	68.3%	66.7%	65.9%	63.7%	65.1%	1.4	−0.4
North Carolina	8.5%	11.1%	9.1%	8.2%	7.8%	7.2%	−0.6	−1.3
North Dakota	19.1%	18.1%	16.9%	20.1%	17.6%	12.5%	−5.1	−6.6
Ohio	42.4%	45.5%	45.3%	44.6%	45.1%	39.0%	−6.1	−3.4
Oklahoma	20.4%	15.3%	19.9%	16.4%	22.1%	16.1%	−6.0	−4.3
Oregon	53.2%	52.3%	57.7%	56.4%	50.7%	49.6%	−1.1	−3.6
Pennsylvania	52.6%	53.8%	53.3%	50.5%	53.6%	48.1%	−5.5	−4.5
Rhode Island	62.3%	67.2%	62.4%	61.0%	47.0%	53.6%	6.6	−8.7
South Carolina	7.4%	8.2%	4.6%	3.8%	5.7%	9.6%	3.9	2.2
South Dakota	21.3%	13.4%	12.1%	16.2%	16.5%	11.2%	−5.3	−10.1
Tennessee	14.7%	13.5%	18.1%	21.9%	18.8%	12.9%	−5.9	−1.8
Texas	14.2%	17.2%	13.4%	16.3%	16.6%	15.6%	−1.0	1.4
Utah	11.1%	12.6%	13.3%	17.8%	15.6%	11.5%	−4.1	0.3
Vermont	42.8%	41.5%	39.9%	42.4%	47.6%	43.9%	−3.7	1.1
Virginia	9.9%	12.6%	12.5%	9.0%	11.1%	14.0%	3.0	4.1
Washington	52.3%	50.6%	52.7%	49.1%	49.9%	43.7%	−6.2	−8.6
West Virginia	21.2%	24.7%	23.2%	19.8%	17.9%	22.6%	4.6	1.4
Wisconsin	25.7%	22.1%	21.5%	18.8%	20.1%	18.1%	−2.0	−7.6
Wyoming	13.6%	14.1%	10.3%	12.7%	13.0%	10.9%	−2.2	−2.7
Coverage
Alabama	75,000	70,000	58,000	81,000	82,000	73,000	−9,000	−2,000
Alaska	34,000	32,000	32,000	31,000	30,000	36,000	6,000	2,000
Arizona	102,000	120,000	108,000	79,000	74,000	69,000	−4,000	−32,000
Arkansas	21,000	24,000	15,000	21,000	23,000	25,000	2,000	4,000
California	1,336,000	1,303,000	1,311,000	1,444,000	1,409,000	1,391,000	−18,000	55,000
Colorado	121,000	92,000	89,000	94,000	121,000	104,000	−17,000	−17,000
Connecticut	147,000	150,000	126,000	145,000	168,000	164,000	−4,000	17,000
Delaware	23,000	27,000	21,000	25,000	25,000	26,000	1,000	3,000
District Of Columbia	21,000	21,000	21,000	20,000	23,000	24,000	1,000	3,000
Florida	379,000	329,000	277,000	291,000	300,000	290,000	−10,000	−89,000
Georgia	75,000	121,000	123,000	115,000	118,000	100,000	−17,000	25,000
Hawaii	76,000	74,000	66,000	69,000	76,000	86,000	10,000	10,000
Idaho	21,000	22,000	21,000	23,000	21,000	24,000	3,000	3,000
Illinois	349,000	371,000	377,000	382,000	342,000	382,000	39,000	33,000
Indiana	91,000	107,000	124,000	96,000	88,000	107,000	20,000	16,000
Iowa	64,000	74,000	59,000	58,000	56,000	57,000	2,000	−7,000
Kansas	62,000	57,000	64,000	71,000	62,000	55,000	−7,000	−7,000
Kentucky	50,000	42,000	47,000	65,000	77,000	52,000	−25,000	2,000
Louisiana	51,000	53,000	49,000	51,000	42,000	43,000	1,000	−8,000
Maine	49,000	63,000	48,000	40,000	37,000	46,000	8,000	−4,000
Maryland	253,000	242,000	202,000	235,000	236,000	246,000	9,000	−7,000
Massachusetts	217,000	195,000	216,000	232,000	212,000	279,000	66,000	61,000
Michigan	227,000	237,000	247,000	205,000	200,000	199,000	−1,000	−28,000
Minnesota	200,000	252,000	227,000	192,000	187,000	186,000	−1,000	−14,000
Mississippi	37,000	34,000	30,000	30,000	35,000	29,000	−6,000	−8,000
Missouri	127,000	105,000	105,000	98,000	97,000	96,000	−1,000	−31,000
Montana	31,000	33,000	31,000	36,000	33,000	33,000	0	3,000
Nebraska	49,000	56,000	34,000	31,000	49,000	43,000	−7,000	−6,000
Nevada	75,000	77,000	73,000	63,000	69,000	64,000	−5,000	−11,000
New Hampshire	45,000	44,000	45,000	52,000	44,000	42,000	−2,000	−3,000
New Jersey	393,000	356,000	345,000	331,000	326,000	343,000	17,000	−50,000
New Mexico	47,000	41,000	41,000	52,000	46,000	44,000	−3,000	−3,000
New York	888,000	907,000	938,000	882,000	891,000	973,000	82,000	85,000
North Carolina	85,000	74,000	66,000	79,000	60,000	53,000	−7,000	−32,000
North Dakota	14,000	13,000	13,000	14,000	12,000	10,000	−2,000	−4,000
Ohio	331,000	367,000	343,000	346,000	342,000	302,000	−40,000	−28,000
Oklahoma	71,000	60,000	61,000	71,000	90,000	68,000	−22,000	−3,000
Oregon	154,000	160,000	191,000	171,000	150,000	158,000	8,000	4,000
Pennsylvania	345,000	356,000	364,000	381,000	374,000	342,000	−32,000	−2,000
Rhode Island	44,000	44,000	41,000	42,000	29,000	37,000	8,000	−8,000
South Carolina	29,000	36,000	18,000	15,000	25,000	46,000	21,000	18,000
South Dakota	17,000	10,000	9,000	10,000	10,000	8,000	−1,000	−9,000
Tennessee	71,000	59,000	80,000	102,000	89,000	74,000	−15,000	3,000
Texas	280,000	361,000	280,000	332,000	338,000	342,000	4,000	62,000
Utah	38,000	39,000	42,000	56,000	55,000	51,000	−4,000	13,000
Vermont	21,000	22,000	22,000	22,000	25,000	25,000	0	4,000
Virginia	106,000	125,000	150,000	95,000	132,000	135,000	3,000	29,000
Washington	316,000	309,000	349,000	336,000	306,000	309,000	3,000	−6,000
West Virginia	29,000	33,000	37,000	29,000	28,000	33,000	5,000	4,000
Wisconsin	115,000	103,000	98,000	78,000	84,000	68,000	−16,000	−47,000
Wyoming	11,000	11,000	8,000	11,000	11,000	8,000	−2,000	−3,000
Membership
Alabama	62,000	66,000	49,000	70,000	74,000	61,000	−13,000	0
Alaska	31,000	30,000	30,000	29,000	29,000	32,000	3,000	1,000
Arizona	84,000	80,000	86,000	71,000	66,000	52,000	−14,000	−32,000
Arkansas	18,000	19,000	12,000	16,000	19,000	19,000	0	1,000
California	1,253,000	1,218,000	1,233,000	1,344,000	1,301,000	1,283,000	−18,000	30,000
Colorado	107,000	79,000	79,000	83,000	91,000	103,000	11,000	−4,000
Connecticut	141,000	146,000	124,000	138,000	164,000	156,000	−8,000	15,000
Delaware	21,000	26,000	20,000	23,000	22,000	25,000	3,000	3,000
District Of Columbia	19,000	18,000	19,000	17,000	20,000	21,000	1,000	2,000
Florida	319,000	274,000	238,000	239,000	235,000	246,000	11,000	−73,000
Georgia	60,000	90,000	106,000	88,000	96,000	86,000	−10,000	26,000
Hawaii	70,000	70,000	62,000	65,000	72,000	84,000	12,000	14,000
Idaho	18,000	19,000	16,000	18,000	17,000	21,000	4,000	3,000
Illinois	334,000	350,000	350,000	363,000	319,000	352,000	34,000	19,000
Indiana	71,000	90,000	103,000	74,000	74,000	82,000	8,000	11,000
Iowa	46,000	48,000	43,000	43,000	44,000	41,000	−3,000	−4,000
Kansas	53,000	45,000	46,000	53,000	47,000	40,000	−7,000	−13,000
Kentucky	41,000	34,000	31,000	45,000	64,000	38,000	−26,000	−3,000
Louisiana	44,000	47,000	40,000	40,000	35,000	34,000	−1,000	−10,000
Maine	42,000	53,000	42,000	34,000	31,000	39,000	8,000	−3,000
Maryland	226,000	226,000	182,000	204,000	198,000	214,000	16,000	−12,000
Massachusetts	209,000	188,000	201,000	224,000	206,000	266,000	60,000	57,000
Michigan	212,000	218,000	213,000	188,000	181,000	178,000	−3,000	−34,000
Minnesota	193,000	238,000	217,000	180,000	178,000	179,000	2,000	−13,000
Mississippi	33,000	30,000	23,000	25,000	26,000	20,000	−6,000	−12,000
Missouri	111,000	98,000	88,000	85,000	84,000	85,000	1,000	−26,000
Montana	27,000	31,000	27,000	32,000	30,000	30,000	1,000	4,000
Nebraska	40,000	51,000	30,000	24,000	38,000	38,000	−1,000	−2,000
Nevada	63,000	63,000	61,000	54,000	58,000	59,000	1,000	−4,000
New Hampshire	39,000	38,000	41,000	48,000	40,000	35,000	−5,000	−4,000
New Jersey	363,000	337,000	317,000	316,000	311,000	327,000	17,000	−36,000
New Mexico	36,000	33,000	33,000	43,000	39,000	37,000	−1,000	1,000
New York	849,000	874,000	885,000	846,000	861,000	925,000	63,000	76,000
North Carolina	59,000	65,000	53,000	56,000	51,000	44,000	−7,000	−15,000
North Dakota	11,000	11,000	10,000	12,000	10,000	8,000	−2,000	−4,000
Ohio	305,000	347,000	317,000	316,000	334,000	270,000	−64,000	−35,000
Oklahoma	58,000	44,000	51,000	55,000	76,000	57,000	−19,000	−1,000
Oregon	145,000	148,000	179,000	158,000	145,000	142,000	−3,000	−3,000
Pennsylvania	319,000	335,000	348,000	352,000	350,000	322,000	−27,000	3,000
Rhode Island	42,000	42,000	39,000	40,000	28,000	36,000	8,000	−6,000
South Carolina	24,000	27,000	16,000	12,000	21,000	34,000	13,000	10,000
South Dakota	13,000	8,000	7,000	8,000	9,000	7,000	−2,000	−7,000
Tennessee	62,000	52,000	73,000	91,000	81,000	57,000	−24,000	−5,000
Texas	230,000	298,000	223,000	280,000	290,000	293,000	3,000	63,000
Utah	25,000	30,000	30,000	40,000	39,000	31,000	−9,000	5,000
Vermont	20,000	19,000	20,000	20,000	22,000	23,000	1,000	3,000
Virginia	80,000	105,000	106,000	79,000	101,000	123,000	23,000	43,000
Washington	298,000	286,000	336,000	317,000	281,000	262,000	−19,000	−36,000
West Virginia	26,000	31,000	33,000	26,000	23,000	30,000	7,000	4,000
Wisconsin	99,000	84,000	82,000	67,000	69,000	62,000	−7,000	−37,000
Wyoming	8,000	9,000	6,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	−2,000	−2,000
Total employment
Alabama	325,000	313,000	315,000	322,000	345,000	319,000	−27,000	−6,000
Alaska	79,000	72,000	79,000	85,000	84,000	75,000	−9,000	−4,000
Arizona	417,000	415,000	417,000	409,000	391,000	425,000	34,000	9,000
Arkansas	194,000	184,000	177,000	203,000	215,000	210,000	−5,000	15,000
California	2,381,000	2,355,000	2,263,000	2,513,000	2,542,000	2,598,000	57,000	217,000
Colorado	442,000	406,000	434,000	460,000	461,000	466,000	4,000	24,000
Connecticut	224,000	197,000	182,000	237,000	244,000	255,000	11,000	31,000
Delaware	61,000	68,000	69,000	66,000	71,000	67,000	−4,000	6,000
District Of Columbia	94,000	100,000	96,000	90,000	94,000	100,000	5,000	5,000
Florida	1,201,000	1,103,000	1,055,000	1,104,000	1,145,000	1,070,000	−76,000	−131,000
Georgia	662,000	638,000	686,000	658,000	682,000	665,000	−17,000	3,000
Hawaii	133,000	130,000	133,000	124,000	135,000	137,000	2,000	4,000
Idaho	103,000	113,000	110,000	129,000	136,000	132,000	−4,000	29,000
Illinois	728,000	637,000	719,000	737,000	690,000	728,000	38,000	0
Indiana	339,000	332,000	373,000	355,000	378,000	384,000	6,000	45,000
Iowa	246,000	231,000	216,000	205,000	208,000	210,000	2,000	−36,000
Kansas	234,000	217,000	231,000	256,000	239,000	235,000	−4,000	0
Kentucky	245,000	280,000	255,000	270,000	283,000	222,000	−62,000	−24,000
Louisiana	315,000	305,000	307,000	311,000	304,000	292,000	−12,000	−23,000
Maine	91,000	113,000	93,000	81,000	83,000	89,000	6,000	−3,000
Maryland	675,000	675,000	641,000	710,000	753,000	742,000	−11,000	67,000
Massachusetts	409,000	349,000	391,000	397,000	379,000	450,000	72,000	42,000
Michigan	469,000	493,000	472,000	418,000	462,000	472,000	10,000	3,000
Minnesota	359,000	387,000	398,000	378,000	363,000	353,000	−10,000	−6,000
Mississippi	202,000	179,000	186,000	202,000	204,000	210,000	7,000	8,000
Missouri	396,000	354,000	376,000	386,000	377,000	411,000	34,000	15,000
Montana	78,000	82,000	82,000	91,000	88,000	82,000	−6,000	4,000
Nebraska	143,000	145,000	129,000	128,000	147,000	133,000	−14,000	−10,000
Nevada	192,000	180,000	153,000	150,000	173,000	184,000	11,000	−7,000
New Hampshire	87,000	87,000	87,000	102,000	89,000	90,000	1,000	3,000
New Jersey	625,000	568,000	535,000	551,000	553,000	552,000	−1,000	−73,000
New Mexico	207,000	199,000	193,000	189,000	206,000	219,000	13,000	13,000
New York	1,296,000	1,279,000	1,327,000	1,283,000	1,353,000	1,421,000	68,000	124,000
North Carolina	694,000	584,000	579,000	687,000	647,000	613,000	−34,000	−82,000
North Dakota	60,000	61,000	61,000	61,000	58,000	63,000	5,000	3,000
Ohio	719,000	763,000	700,000	707,000	740,000	692,000	−48,000	−27,000
Oklahoma	283,000	288,000	259,000	337,000	343,000	356,000	13,000	72,000
Oregon	272,000	283,000	310,000	279,000	286,000	286,000	0	14,000
Pennsylvania	606,000	622,000	654,000	698,000	652,000	670,000	18,000	64,000
Rhode Island	67,000	63,000	62,000	66,000	59,000	66,000	7,000	−1,000
South Carolina	328,000	334,000	337,000	326,000	368,000	355,000	−14,000	27,000
South Dakota	62,000	58,000	60,000	49,000	53,000	59,000	6,000	−4,000
Tennessee	420,000	383,000	404,000	417,000	432,000	443,000	10,000	23,000
Texas	1,621,000	1,734,000	1,658,000	1,720,000	1,748,000	1,881,000	133,000	260,000
Utah	228,000	241,000	223,000	227,000	253,000	269,000	16,000	41,000
Vermont	46,000	47,000	49,000	48,000	47,000	52,000	5,000	6,000
Virginia	808,000	835,000	852,000	877,000	908,000	880,000	−28,000	73,000
Washington	571,000	565,000	637,000	645,000	563,000	600,000	37,000	29,000
West Virginia	124,000	127,000	142,000	134,000	127,000	133,000	6,000	9,000
Wisconsin	386,000	379,000	383,000	358,000	345,000	343,000	−2,000	−43,000
Wyoming	61,000	65,000	60,000	63,000	65,000	62,000	−3,000	1,000
Sample size
Alabama	500	452	463	438	432	373
Alaska	475	422	425	419	420	347
Arizona	339	312	293	265	249	270
Arkansas	447	369	348	374	386	367
California	1,934	1,734	1,652	1,740	1,670	1,696
Colorado	338	301	320	325	297	297
Connecticut	237	188	171	200	205	231
Delaware	247	238	238	227	230	211
District Of Columbia	711	722	671	651	563	635
Florida	906	777	746	722	715	638
Georgia	542	467	489	416	409	390
Hawaii	501	445	436	415	448	451
Idaho	359	365	350	377	378	371
Illinois	575	470	519	467	439	462
Indiana	307	275	309	269	274	273
Iowa	333	296	257	219	226	232
Kansas	384	334	339	329	300	303
Kentucky	241	262	239	219	205	155
Louisiana	591	514	515	493	452	410
Maine	194	232	172	142	143	144
Maryland	489	459	428	445	423	410
Massachusetts	436	349	389	382	364	425
Michigan	386	375	349	287	317	302
Minnesota	309	313	293	275	257	251
Mississippi	461	399	389	391	370	356
Missouri	330	283	293	289	268	278
Montana	482	469	436	429	399	384
Nebraska	356	334	285	251	279	262
Nevada	301	259	225	206	213	240
New Hampshire	322	298	266	284	239	235
New Jersey	517	429	367	337	339	334
New Mexico	628	543	525	483	471	472
New York	1,006	889	850	765	775	819
North Carolina	554	419	441	494	450	400
North Dakota	446	446	426	379	312	346
Ohio	561	547	490	436	433	435
Oklahoma	398	384	330	383	387	400
Oregon	368	370	394	336	325	310
Pennsylvania	458	427	456	466	397	407
Rhode Island	218	176	168	156	139	156
South Carolina	375	353	351	328	361	334
South Dakota	292	253	249	194	197	218
Tennessee	450	354	365	342	328	358
Texas	1,196	1,133	1,083	1,050	1,013	1,094
Utah	447	429	391	363	382	406
Vermont	350	332	345	299	264	312
Virginia	636	611	603	582	564	543
Washington	518	479	516	472	418	424
West Virginia	534	474	500	463	433	475
Wisconsin	326	291	291	271	253	248
Wyoming	551	569	485	481	469	457
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.60, https://microdata.epi.org.