Table 5a: Union membership and union coverage within the private sector, 11-months ending November, 2019 to 2024
By state
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
Alabama	7.3%	5.8%	4.9%	4.9%	5.5%	5.3%	−0.2	−2.1
Alaska	8.8%	10.2%	7.6%	9.5%	7.0%	9.3%	2.3	0.5
Arizona	4.1%	3.5%	3.6%	4.3%	2.4%	2.8%	0.4	−1.3
Arkansas	5.1%	5.0%	3.6%	4.5%	4.8%	3.0%	−1.8	−2.1
California	10.0%	10.5%	11.2%	10.4%	9.8%	9.3%	−0.5	−0.7
Colorado	6.9%	5.3%	4.9%	5.0%	4.7%	5.1%	0.3	−1.8
Connecticut	8.2%	9.8%	8.5%	8.0%	7.8%	9.3%	1.4	1.0
Delaware	5.4%	5.0%	6.1%	4.3%	5.3%	3.2%	−2.1	−2.2
District Of Columbia	6.0%	4.8%	4.9%	6.3%	5.2%	7.2%	1.9	1.2
Florida	3.8%	4.5%	3.2%	2.7%	3.5%	3.4%	0.0	−0.3
Georgia	4.1%	4.1%	3.7%	3.5%	3.5%	2.8%	−0.7	−1.3
Hawaii	15.5%	14.5%	15.8%	14.6%	16.0%	15.8%	−0.2	0.3
Idaho	3.9%	4.1%	3.2%	3.6%	3.6%	3.8%	0.3	0.0
Illinois	9.6%	8.9%	9.4%	8.2%	8.6%	8.6%	0.0	−1.0
Indiana	8.0%	6.6%	6.5%	6.2%	7.1%	7.8%	0.7	−0.2
Iowa	4.1%	4.8%	5.0%	5.6%	5.9%	4.9%	−1.0	0.8
Kansas	6.6%	8.5%	7.7%	8.3%	7.5%	4.7%	−2.8	−1.9
Kentucky	8.0%	8.8%	9.0%	7.9%	8.1%	9.8%	1.8	1.8
Louisiana	4.0%	4.7%	3.6%	2.8%	3.1%	2.9%	−0.3	−1.1
Maine	6.6%	6.9%	7.2%	4.3%	5.2%	9.0%	3.8	2.4
Maryland	5.5%	7.0%	6.4%	5.9%	6.0%	6.8%	0.8	1.2
Massachusetts	7.6%	7.2%	7.3%	7.2%	7.8%	8.6%	0.8	1.0
Michigan	10.8%	12.3%	10.3%	11.3%	10.7%	11.5%	0.8	0.7
Minnesota	7.7%	8.1%	9.6%	9.4%	8.4%	9.4%	1.0	1.7
Mississippi	6.5%	6.2%	4.7%	5.8%	8.2%	6.8%	−1.4	0.3
Missouri	9.2%	6.6%	7.4%	8.2%	7.9%	6.8%	−1.1	−2.4
Montana	6.2%	6.4%	7.1%	5.7%	7.2%	7.1%	0.0	1.0
Nebraska	5.2%	4.9%	4.8%	5.4%	4.7%	4.0%	−0.7	−1.2
Nevada	12.4%	10.6%	9.2%	8.9%	11.0%	9.5%	−1.5	−2.9
New Hampshire	5.8%	5.1%	5.3%	4.4%	5.2%	5.3%	0.1	−0.6
New Jersey	9.0%	9.5%	10.1%	9.2%	10.8%	10.3%	−0.5	1.4
New Mexico	3.9%	4.0%	5.2%	5.2%	4.1%	4.6%	0.4	0.6
New York	14.2%	14.1%	14.4%	13.3%	12.7%	12.3%	−0.4	−1.8
North Carolina	1.7%	2.5%	2.1%	2.5%	2.4%	2.1%	−0.3	0.4
North Dakota	4.2%	4.5%	3.7%	4.3%	5.2%	4.6%	−0.6	0.5
Ohio	7.9%	8.1%	7.1%	8.0%	7.6%	8.8%	1.2	0.9
Oklahoma	4.2%	4.3%	3.4%	3.5%	2.9%	3.0%	0.1	−1.3
Oregon	8.1%	9.1%	9.7%	8.9%	8.1%	10.8%	2.8	2.7
Pennsylvania	7.8%	9.2%	7.7%	7.8%	8.9%	7.3%	−1.6	−0.5
Rhode Island	10.5%	10.2%	10.3%	10.8%	9.3%	9.8%	0.5	−0.6
South Carolina	1.7%	2.5%	1.3%	1.3%	2.3%	2.2%	−0.1	0.5
South Dakota	2.9%	3.3%	3.3%	2.2%	2.3%	2.3%	−0.1	−0.7
Tennessee	3.6%	3.2%	3.5%	3.4%	4.5%	3.4%	−1.0	−0.1
Texas	3.4%	3.3%	2.7%	2.8%	3.3%	3.4%	0.1	−0.1
Utah	3.9%	2.8%	4.0%	5.8%	5.9%	5.6%	−0.2	1.7
Vermont	5.4%	6.9%	7.0%	6.5%	8.8%	9.4%	0.6	4.0
Virginia	3.1%	2.5%	3.1%	2.6%	2.8%	3.1%	0.3	0.0
Washington	12.9%	10.9%	11.5%	11.7%	10.8%	11.4%	0.6	−1.5
West Virginia	8.5%	7.8%	6.4%	7.0%	7.3%	6.5%	−0.8	−2.0
Wisconsin	5.6%	7.9%	6.6%	6.1%	6.0%	5.3%	−0.7	−0.3
Wyoming	5.6%	6.1%	4.9%	3.7%	3.2%	4.5%	1.4	−1.1
Membership (%)
Alabama	6.6%	5.4%	4.2%	4.2%	4.5%	4.5%	0.0	−2.1
Alaska	7.9%	9.1%	6.9%	8.8%	6.9%	8.5%	1.6	0.6
Arizona	3.2%	2.9%	2.8%	3.8%	2.0%	2.4%	0.4	−0.8
Arkansas	4.6%	3.9%	3.4%	3.9%	4.3%	2.6%	−1.7	−2.0
California	8.9%	9.6%	9.5%	9.4%	8.8%	7.9%	−0.9	−1.0
Colorado	6.5%	5.0%	4.2%	4.5%	3.9%	4.7%	0.8	−1.8
Connecticut	6.9%	8.5%	7.4%	7.2%	6.8%	8.2%	1.4	1.2
Delaware	4.5%	4.5%	5.8%	3.7%	4.6%	3.1%	−1.6	−1.4
District Of Columbia	5.3%	4.6%	4.5%	5.5%	4.4%	6.7%	2.3	1.4
Florida	3.0%	3.6%	2.7%	2.1%	2.6%	2.8%	0.2	−0.2
Georgia	3.4%	2.8%	3.0%	3.0%	3.1%	2.4%	−0.7	−1.0
Hawaii	14.3%	13.1%	14.5%	13.5%	15.2%	15.0%	−0.2	0.8
Idaho	3.0%	3.6%	3.1%	3.0%	2.9%	3.2%	0.2	0.1
Illinois	8.7%	8.2%	8.6%	7.4%	8.2%	7.9%	−0.3	−0.8
Indiana	7.0%	5.8%	6.1%	5.6%	6.4%	7.1%	0.7	0.1
Iowa	3.8%	4.0%	4.4%	4.8%	4.9%	4.0%	−0.9	0.2
Kansas	5.9%	6.6%	7.0%	7.3%	6.7%	4.0%	−2.7	−1.9
Kentucky	7.0%	6.9%	6.9%	6.2%	6.1%	8.0%	1.9	1.0
Louisiana	3.5%	4.1%	2.9%	2.3%	2.6%	2.2%	−0.4	−1.3
Maine	5.9%	6.5%	5.9%	2.9%	4.5%	7.8%	3.3	1.9
Maryland	4.9%	6.3%	5.4%	5.4%	4.9%	5.7%	0.8	0.8
Massachusetts	6.6%	6.5%	6.7%	6.3%	6.8%	7.8%	0.9	1.2
Michigan	9.7%	11.2%	9.0%	10.2%	9.7%	10.6%	0.9	0.9
Minnesota	7.4%	7.5%	8.7%	8.8%	7.8%	9.0%	1.2	1.7
Mississippi	4.2%	5.2%	4.0%	4.4%	5.9%	4.5%	−1.4	0.2
Missouri	8.3%	6.1%	6.7%	7.6%	7.1%	6.4%	−0.7	−1.9
Montana	5.6%	5.7%	6.3%	5.4%	6.9%	6.4%	−0.4	0.9
Nebraska	4.8%	4.5%	4.1%	4.4%	3.6%	3.0%	−0.6	−1.8
Nevada	11.7%	9.5%	8.2%	7.9%	9.4%	8.6%	−0.8	−3.1
New Hampshire	5.3%	4.6%	4.4%	4.0%	4.0%	4.7%	0.7	−0.6
New Jersey	7.9%	8.1%	9.3%	8.4%	9.8%	9.3%	−0.4	1.5
New Mexico	3.5%	3.6%	4.3%	4.6%	3.4%	3.9%	0.5	0.4
New York	12.7%	12.7%	13.0%	12.1%	12.0%	11.5%	−0.5	−1.2
North Carolina	1.2%	1.9%	1.5%	1.9%	2.0%	1.5%	−0.4	0.3
North Dakota	3.2%	3.7%	3.0%	3.6%	4.1%	3.7%	−0.5	0.5
Ohio	7.0%	7.3%	6.5%	7.2%	6.8%	8.1%	1.3	1.1
Oklahoma	3.2%	3.8%	2.8%	2.6%	2.8%	2.7%	−0.2	−0.5
Oregon	7.2%	8.7%	9.2%	8.1%	7.5%	10.1%	2.6	2.9
Pennsylvania	7.1%	8.5%	7.3%	7.3%	7.9%	6.8%	−1.1	−0.3
Rhode Island	9.1%	9.4%	8.7%	9.4%	8.5%	9.1%	0.6	−0.1
South Carolina	1.3%	1.9%	1.1%	1.2%	1.7%	1.3%	−0.4	0.1
South Dakota	2.7%	2.5%	2.6%	1.4%	1.8%	1.4%	−0.4	−1.3
Tennessee	2.9%	2.7%	2.9%	3.0%	3.7%	3.1%	−0.5	0.3
Texas	2.5%	2.7%	2.2%	2.2%	2.7%	2.8%	0.1	0.3
Utah	3.2%	1.7%	1.5%	1.7%	1.8%	2.2%	0.5	−1.0
Vermont	5.1%	5.4%	6.1%	6.0%	8.5%	8.4%	−0.1	3.3
Virginia	2.5%	2.1%	2.5%	2.2%	2.3%	2.8%	0.5	0.2
Washington	11.9%	10.4%	11.0%	11.0%	9.8%	10.4%	0.6	−1.5
West Virginia	7.8%	7.5%	5.8%	6.6%	6.6%	5.5%	−1.0	−2.3
Wisconsin	5.1%	7.0%	5.9%	5.5%	5.5%	4.8%	−0.7	−0.3
Wyoming	5.2%	5.0%	4.1%	3.2%	3.0%	3.8%	0.8	−1.4
Coverage
Alabama	127,000	92,000	79,000	86,000	96,000	95,000	−1,000	−32,000
Alaska	18,000	21,000	16,000	20,000	16,000	21,000	5,000	3,000
Arizona	108,000	87,000	96,000	114,000	67,000	78,000	10,000	−30,000
Arkansas	51,000	48,000	35,000	45,000	48,000	31,000	−17,000	−20,000
California	1,400,000	1,330,000	1,488,000	1,431,000	1,355,000	1,287,000	−67,000	−113,000
Colorado	149,000	110,000	103,000	111,000	108,000	114,000	6,000	−35,000
Connecticut	120,000	130,000	113,000	112,000	106,000	127,000	21,000	7,000
Delaware	20,000	18,000	22,000	16,000	20,000	12,000	−8,000	−9,000
District Of Columbia	16,000	12,000	13,000	15,000	13,000	19,000	6,000	3,000
Florida	288,000	320,000	246,000	214,000	287,000	277,000	−9,000	−10,000
Georgia	152,000	144,000	138,000	135,000	136,000	109,000	−27,000	−43,000
Hawaii	69,000	55,000	65,000	66,000	71,000	66,000	−4,000	−2,000
Idaho	26,000	25,000	21,000	25,000	24,000	27,000	3,000	2,000
Illinois	477,000	402,000	436,000	398,000	419,000	423,000	4,000	−54,000
Indiana	213,000	164,000	161,000	167,000	190,000	202,000	12,000	−11,000
Iowa	54,000	56,000	60,000	73,000	75,000	60,000	−15,000	6,000
Kansas	69,000	91,000	83,000	88,000	84,000	51,000	−33,000	−18,000
Kentucky	124,000	124,000	133,000	121,000	116,000	148,000	32,000	25,000
Louisiana	59,000	65,000	51,000	42,000	46,000	42,000	−4,000	−17,000
Maine	33,000	31,000	34,000	19,000	25,000	45,000	20,000	12,000
Maryland	122,000	142,000	130,000	124,000	125,000	144,000	19,000	22,000
Massachusetts	225,000	190,000	205,000	205,000	225,000	256,000	32,000	31,000
Michigan	417,000	430,000	366,000	429,000	421,000	445,000	24,000	28,000
Minnesota	178,000	173,000	212,000	218,000	193,000	217,000	25,000	39,000
Mississippi	58,000	53,000	42,000	53,000	72,000	62,000	−10,000	4,000
Missouri	208,000	142,000	166,000	188,000	189,000	158,000	−30,000	−50,000
Montana	22,000	21,000	25,000	21,000	28,000	28,000	0	6,000
Nebraska	39,000	37,000	37,000	43,000	37,000	32,000	−5,000	−7,000
Nevada	147,000	108,000	102,000	101,000	133,000	113,000	−20,000	−34,000
New Hampshire	34,000	27,000	29,000	26,000	30,000	31,000	1,000	−4,000
New Jersey	309,000	299,000	326,000	333,000	396,000	379,000	−17,000	69,000
New Mexico	24,000	22,000	30,000	32,000	25,000	28,000	3,000	4,000
New York	990,000	886,000	929,000	914,000	887,000	848,000	−39,000	−142,000
North Carolina	62,000	90,000	75,000	94,000	95,000	82,000	−13,000	20,000
North Dakota	12,000	12,000	11,000	13,000	16,000	14,000	−2,000	2,000
Ohio	350,000	329,000	303,000	341,000	332,000	395,000	63,000	45,000
Oklahoma	54,000	52,000	44,000	43,000	39,000	40,000	1,000	−14,000
Oregon	122,000	128,000	140,000	135,000	121,000	169,000	47,000	46,000
Pennsylvania	394,000	432,000	365,000	387,000	454,000	367,000	−87,000	−27,000
Rhode Island	42,000	40,000	42,000	47,000	41,000	43,000	1,000	0
South Carolina	31,000	42,000	23,000	23,000	40,000	39,000	0	9,000
South Dakota	10,000	11,000	11,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	0	−1,000
Tennessee	91,000	73,000	85,000	87,000	114,000	85,000	−28,000	−5,000
Texas	369,000	325,000	274,000	302,000	373,000	387,000	14,000	18,000
Utah	46,000	32,000	50,000	76,000	78,000	72,000	−6,000	26,000
Vermont	13,000	15,000	15,000	15,000	23,000	23,000	0	10,000
Virginia	95,000	72,000	87,000	80,000	88,000	97,000	8,000	1,000
Washington	363,000	289,000	307,000	323,000	317,000	325,000	7,000	−39,000
West Virginia	49,000	42,000	35,000	39,000	41,000	37,000	−5,000	−12,000
Wisconsin	130,000	175,000	153,000	138,000	144,000	130,000	−14,000	0
Wyoming	10,000	11,000	8,000	6,000	6,000	8,000	2,000	−2,000
Membership
Alabama	114,000	85,000	68,000	73,000	79,000	82,000	3,000	−32,000
Alaska	16,000	19,000	15,000	19,000	16,000	19,000	4,000	3,000
Arizona	84,000	73,000	76,000	101,000	56,000	67,000	11,000	−17,000
Arkansas	46,000	38,000	33,000	39,000	43,000	27,000	−16,000	−19,000
California	1,258,000	1,215,000	1,262,000	1,288,000	1,228,000	1,094,000	−134,000	−164,000
Colorado	141,000	103,000	87,000	100,000	89,000	106,000	17,000	−35,000
Connecticut	101,000	113,000	98,000	101,000	92,000	112,000	20,000	11,000
Delaware	17,000	16,000	21,000	14,000	17,000	11,000	−6,000	−5,000
District Of Columbia	14,000	11,000	11,000	13,000	11,000	18,000	7,000	4,000
Florida	228,000	253,000	206,000	167,000	214,000	221,000	8,000	−6,000
Georgia	126,000	99,000	109,000	117,000	120,000	93,000	−27,000	−34,000
Hawaii	63,000	49,000	59,000	61,000	67,000	63,000	−4,000	0
Idaho	20,000	22,000	20,000	21,000	20,000	23,000	3,000	3,000
Illinois	430,000	373,000	398,000	362,000	397,000	385,000	−12,000	−45,000
Indiana	186,000	146,000	151,000	150,000	171,000	185,000	14,000	−1,000
Iowa	50,000	47,000	53,000	63,000	63,000	49,000	−13,000	0
Kansas	61,000	71,000	75,000	77,000	75,000	43,000	−32,000	−18,000
Kentucky	107,000	97,000	102,000	95,000	88,000	121,000	33,000	13,000
Louisiana	51,000	56,000	40,000	34,000	38,000	32,000	−6,000	−19,000
Maine	30,000	29,000	28,000	13,000	22,000	39,000	17,000	9,000
Maryland	108,000	127,000	111,000	115,000	103,000	121,000	18,000	13,000
Massachusetts	195,000	171,000	188,000	181,000	197,000	231,000	34,000	36,000
Michigan	376,000	391,000	318,000	387,000	382,000	410,000	29,000	35,000
Minnesota	170,000	160,000	192,000	203,000	180,000	209,000	29,000	40,000
Mississippi	38,000	44,000	36,000	40,000	52,000	41,000	−11,000	3,000
Missouri	188,000	132,000	151,000	173,000	170,000	149,000	−20,000	−38,000
Montana	20,000	19,000	22,000	20,000	27,000	25,000	−1,000	5,000
Nebraska	36,000	34,000	32,000	35,000	29,000	24,000	−5,000	−12,000
Nevada	138,000	97,000	91,000	90,000	113,000	102,000	−11,000	−36,000
New Hampshire	31,000	25,000	24,000	23,000	23,000	28,000	4,000	−3,000
New Jersey	272,000	256,000	298,000	305,000	360,000	343,000	−17,000	71,000
New Mexico	21,000	19,000	24,000	29,000	20,000	24,000	4,000	3,000
New York	887,000	793,000	839,000	836,000	837,000	787,000	−49,000	−99,000
North Carolina	45,000	66,000	55,000	69,000	77,000	60,000	−18,000	14,000
North Dakota	9,000	10,000	8,000	11,000	12,000	11,000	−1,000	2,000
Ohio	311,000	297,000	278,000	311,000	297,000	362,000	64,000	51,000
Oklahoma	40,000	46,000	35,000	33,000	38,000	36,000	−3,000	−5,000
Oregon	109,000	122,000	134,000	123,000	113,000	157,000	44,000	48,000
Pennsylvania	358,000	396,000	344,000	363,000	404,000	344,000	−60,000	−14,000
Rhode Island	37,000	37,000	36,000	41,000	38,000	39,000	2,000	2,000
South Carolina	23,000	33,000	18,000	21,000	30,000	24,000	−6,000	1,000
South Dakota	9,000	8,000	9,000	5,000	7,000	5,000	−1,000	−4,000
Tennessee	73,000	61,000	70,000	75,000	93,000	78,000	−15,000	5,000
Texas	271,000	264,000	227,000	233,000	307,000	324,000	17,000	53,000
Utah	37,000	20,000	19,000	21,000	24,000	29,000	5,000	−9,000
Vermont	12,000	12,000	13,000	14,000	22,000	21,000	−1,000	8,000
Virginia	78,000	59,000	70,000	68,000	72,000	87,000	15,000	9,000
Washington	336,000	276,000	292,000	304,000	288,000	297,000	9,000	−39,000
West Virginia	45,000	40,000	32,000	37,000	37,000	31,000	−6,000	−13,000
Wisconsin	120,000	155,000	135,000	125,000	132,000	118,000	−13,000	−1,000
Wyoming	9,000	9,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000	1,000	−2,000
Total employment
Alabama	1,732,000	1,585,000	1,623,000	1,748,000	1,762,000	1,807,000	45,000	76,000
Alaska	201,000	207,000	213,000	214,000	225,000	223,000	−1,000	22,000
Arizona	2,613,000	2,483,000	2,675,000	2,655,000	2,759,000	2,782,000	23,000	169,000
Arkansas	1,006,000	973,000	983,000	996,000	1,006,000	1,051,000	46,000	45,000
California	14,060,000	12,630,000	13,242,000	13,761,000	13,883,000	13,848,000	−36,000	−212,000
Colorado	2,170,000	2,062,000	2,101,000	2,216,000	2,280,000	2,242,000	−38,000	72,000
Connecticut	1,457,000	1,332,000	1,324,000	1,402,000	1,355,000	1,370,000	15,000	−87,000
Delaware	372,000	355,000	366,000	380,000	367,000	363,000	−4,000	−9,000
District Of Columbia	266,000	244,000	257,000	242,000	251,000	263,000	12,000	−3,000
Florida	7,616,000	7,059,000	7,583,000	7,943,000	8,287,000	8,046,000	−241,000	430,000
Georgia	3,733,000	3,527,000	3,703,000	3,849,000	3,907,000	3,935,000	29,000	203,000
Hawaii	443,000	378,000	410,000	449,000	440,000	419,000	−21,000	−24,000
Idaho	662,000	611,000	647,000	694,000	677,000	719,000	42,000	57,000
Illinois	4,947,000	4,530,000	4,630,000	4,876,000	4,850,000	4,896,000	46,000	−50,000
Indiana	2,663,000	2,494,000	2,460,000	2,677,000	2,688,000	2,597,000	−91,000	−66,000
Iowa	1,304,000	1,168,000	1,207,000	1,301,000	1,281,000	1,230,000	−51,000	−74,000
Kansas	1,041,000	1,065,000	1,076,000	1,056,000	1,113,000	1,071,000	−41,000	31,000
Kentucky	1,542,000	1,409,000	1,488,000	1,527,000	1,438,000	1,508,000	70,000	−34,000
Louisiana	1,474,000	1,383,000	1,409,000	1,478,000	1,458,000	1,457,000	−1,000	−16,000
Maine	503,000	446,000	477,000	452,000	485,000	499,000	14,000	−4,000
Maryland	2,216,000	2,014,000	2,052,000	2,106,000	2,098,000	2,134,000	35,000	−82,000
Massachusetts	2,971,000	2,626,000	2,793,000	2,858,000	2,884,000	2,974,000	91,000	4,000
Michigan	3,868,000	3,500,000	3,544,000	3,794,000	3,943,000	3,875,000	−68,000	7,000
Minnesota	2,302,000	2,140,000	2,208,000	2,316,000	2,301,000	2,315,000	14,000	13,000
Mississippi	899,000	853,000	895,000	907,000	884,000	915,000	31,000	16,000
Missouri	2,257,000	2,149,000	2,241,000	2,284,000	2,376,000	2,328,000	−47,000	72,000
Montana	360,000	335,000	355,000	374,000	387,000	393,000	7,000	33,000
Nebraska	753,000	745,000	766,000	796,000	793,000	789,000	−4,000	36,000
Nevada	1,179,000	1,021,000	1,102,000	1,140,000	1,201,000	1,186,000	−15,000	7,000
New Hampshire	590,000	538,000	549,000	582,000	577,000	587,000	10,000	−3,000
New Jersey	3,456,000	3,148,000	3,223,000	3,616,000	3,679,000	3,674,000	−4,000	218,000
New Mexico	607,000	536,000	574,000	617,000	598,000	611,000	14,000	4,000
New York	6,985,000	6,270,000	6,439,000	6,889,000	6,962,000	6,864,000	−99,000	−122,000
North Carolina	3,714,000	3,572,000	3,634,000	3,699,000	3,961,000	3,929,000	−32,000	215,000
North Dakota	297,000	276,000	288,000	305,000	300,000	303,000	3,000	6,000
Ohio	4,431,000	4,049,000	4,288,000	4,289,000	4,359,000	4,475,000	116,000	44,000
Oklahoma	1,273,000	1,215,000	1,281,000	1,243,000	1,348,000	1,333,000	−15,000	60,000
Oregon	1,504,000	1,401,000	1,450,000	1,514,000	1,505,000	1,557,000	52,000	52,000
Pennsylvania	5,042,000	4,685,000	4,723,000	4,944,000	5,114,000	5,039,000	−75,000	−2,000
Rhode Island	404,000	389,000	412,000	440,000	444,000	433,000	−12,000	29,000
South Carolina	1,809,000	1,699,000	1,760,000	1,732,000	1,762,000	1,816,000	54,000	7,000
South Dakota	332,000	323,000	333,000	367,000	370,000	369,000	−2,000	37,000
Tennessee	2,537,000	2,279,000	2,406,000	2,522,000	2,550,000	2,489,000	−61,000	−48,000
Texas	10,715,000	9,827,000	10,351,000	10,768,000	11,292,000	11,427,000	136,000	713,000
Utah	1,172,000	1,158,000	1,246,000	1,299,000	1,335,000	1,280,000	−55,000	108,000
Vermont	243,000	218,000	215,000	235,000	257,000	246,000	−11,000	3,000
Virginia	3,077,000	2,869,000	2,821,000	3,033,000	3,141,000	3,114,000	−27,000	36,000
Washington	2,812,000	2,655,000	2,665,000	2,765,000	2,932,000	2,846,000	−86,000	34,000
West Virginia	577,000	536,000	552,000	555,000	568,000	569,000	1,000	−7,000
Wisconsin	2,328,000	2,215,000	2,311,000	2,281,000	2,407,000	2,462,000	55,000	134,000
Wyoming	180,000	173,000	174,000	176,000	192,000	185,000	−7,000	5,000
Sample size
Alabama	2,350	2,027	2,141	2,114	1,960	1,821
Alaska	1,123	1,060	1,015	969	998	937
Arizona	1,883	1,683	1,691	1,571	1,605	1,522
Arkansas	2,022	1,724	1,748	1,634	1,626	1,673
California	10,295	8,368	8,719	8,572	8,302	8,333
Colorado	1,508	1,350	1,404	1,466	1,310	1,295
Connecticut	1,370	1,115	1,089	1,076	1,067	1,149
Delaware	1,281	1,088	1,144	1,149	1,053	1,047
District Of Columbia	1,810	1,599	1,614	1,532	1,350	1,469
Florida	5,202	4,385	4,883	4,823	4,648	4,421
Georgia	2,732	2,257	2,326	2,152	2,103	2,062
Hawaii	1,551	1,157	1,246	1,341	1,285	1,232
Idaho	2,040	1,787	1,867	1,815	1,701	1,831
Illinois	3,428	2,968	2,957	2,899	2,788	2,783
Indiana	2,127	1,823	1,849	1,820	1,657	1,630
Iowa	1,622	1,339	1,268	1,277	1,277	1,253
Kansas	1,527	1,447	1,396	1,207	1,236	1,230
Kentucky	1,304	1,146	1,218	1,099	932	949
Louisiana	2,480	2,091	2,100	2,069	1,978	1,844
Maine	959	827	803	734	741	684
Maryland	1,446	1,234	1,263	1,188	1,079	1,077
Massachusetts	2,828	2,386	2,510	2,507	2,437	2,473
Michigan	2,887	2,481	2,387	2,377	2,395	2,253
Minnesota	1,765	1,529	1,477	1,526	1,463	1,482
Mississippi	1,821	1,634	1,658	1,594	1,454	1,425
Missouri	1,656	1,525	1,588	1,539	1,532	1,478
Montana	1,972	1,702	1,669	1,538	1,536	1,621
Nebraska	1,630	1,535	1,527	1,386	1,337	1,355
Nevada	1,644	1,318	1,395	1,358	1,320	1,422
New Hampshire	1,922	1,620	1,518	1,429	1,332	1,320
New Jersey	2,577	2,114	2,048	2,037	2,009	1,988
New Mexico	1,624	1,301	1,387	1,407	1,253	1,206
New York	4,859	3,924	3,664	3,755	3,591	3,541
North Carolina	2,680	2,262	2,513	2,371	2,513	2,335
North Dakota	1,980	1,794	1,841	1,711	1,444	1,482
Ohio	3,030	2,551	2,627	2,393	2,324	2,562
Oklahoma	1,584	1,457	1,423	1,263	1,316	1,272
Oregon	1,812	1,644	1,702	1,651	1,526	1,511
Pennsylvania	3,412	2,898	2,949	2,976	2,882	2,819
Rhode Island	1,141	982	971	919	917	874
South Carolina	1,847	1,572	1,655	1,545	1,559	1,592
South Dakota	1,418	1,288	1,274	1,281	1,221	1,264
Tennessee	2,372	1,917	1,948	1,852	1,676	1,755
Texas	6,904	5,649	6,036	5,939	5,801	6,123
Utah	2,029	1,845	1,959	1,881	1,761	1,752
Vermont	1,632	1,389	1,341	1,285	1,310	1,355
Virginia	2,135	1,865	1,809	1,796	1,743	1,761
Washington	2,306	2,053	1,957	1,859	1,947	1,844
West Virginia	2,195	1,797	1,710	1,704	1,688	1,750
Wisconsin	1,773	1,582	1,593	1,518	1,554	1,601
Wyoming	1,479	1,357	1,269	1,211	1,226	1,172
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.59, https://microdata.epi.org.