Table 5a: Union membership and union coverage within the private sector, 12-months ending November, 2018 to 2023
By state
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Change
2023-2022 2023-2019
Coverage (%)
Alabama 7.2% 5.9% 5.0% 4.7% 5.7% 1.0 −1.5
Alaska 8.4% 10.5% 8.2% 10.1% 7.4% −2.7 −1.1
Arizona 4.2% 3.7% 3.6% 4.4% 2.4% −2.0 −1.8
Arkansas 5.0% 4.8% 3.3% 4.4% 5.0% 0.5 0.0
California 9.9% 10.3% 11.3% 10.2% 9.7% −0.5 −0.2
Colorado 7.2% 4.9% 5.0% 4.9% 4.6% −0.3 −2.5
Connecticut 8.5% 9.8% 8.7% 8.5% 7.6% −0.8 −0.8
Delaware 5.5% 4.9% 5.9% 4.6% 5.4% 0.8 −0.1
District Of Columbia 6.3% 4.9% 5.0% 6.7% 5.1% −1.5 −1.1
Florida 3.7% 4.5% 3.3% 2.8% 3.5% 0.6 −0.3
Georgia 4.0% 3.9% 3.9% 3.4% 3.3% −0.1 −0.7
Hawaii 15.4% 15.1% 15.9% 14.7% 15.6% 1.0 0.3
Idaho 3.9% 4.1% 3.2% 3.5% 3.6% 0.1 −0.3
Illinois 9.7% 9.1% 9.6% 8.3% 8.8% 0.5 −0.9
Indiana 7.8% 6.3% 6.5% 6.4% 6.9% 0.5 −0.9
Iowa 4.3% 5.1% 4.8% 5.4% 5.9% 0.5 1.6
Kansas 6.3% 8.2% 7.4% 8.4% 7.7% −0.7 1.3
Kentucky 7.8% 8.3% 8.4% 7.3% 8.1% 0.8 0.3
Louisiana 3.9% 4.5% 3.3% 2.8% 3.2% 0.3 −0.7
Maine 6.4% 6.6% 7.1% 4.6% 5.5% 0.8 −1.0
Maryland 5.3% 6.6% 6.3% 5.9% 6.5% 0.7 1.2
Massachusetts 7.7% 7.5% 7.3% 7.6% 8.1% 0.5 0.5
Michigan 10.7% 12.4% 10.4% 11.3% 11.0% −0.3 0.3
Minnesota 7.8% 8.1% 9.6% 9.7% 8.6% −1.1 0.8
Mississippi 6.2% 6.0% 4.8% 5.9% 7.6% 1.6 1.4
Missouri 8.9% 6.7% 7.6% 7.9% 7.8% −0.2 −1.1
Montana 6.0% 6.2% 6.9% 5.8% 7.2% 1.4 1.2
Nebraska 5.2% 4.7% 4.8% 5.4% 4.8% −0.6 −0.4
Nevada 12.3% 10.6% 9.4% 9.0% 10.9% 1.9 −1.4
New Hampshire 5.7% 5.0% 4.9% 4.3% 4.8% 0.5 −0.9
New Jersey 8.8% 9.7% 10.1% 9.3% 10.7% 1.3 1.9
New Mexico 4.0% 4.2% 5.2% 5.1% 4.4% −0.7 0.4
New York 14.5% 14.2% 14.3% 13.4% 12.8% −0.5 −1.6
North Carolina 1.7% 2.5% 2.1% 2.5% 2.4% −0.1 0.7
North Dakota 4.3% 4.7% 3.7% 4.3% 5.2% 0.9 0.9
Ohio 7.9% 8.0% 6.9% 8.0% 7.9% −0.1 −0.1
Oklahoma 4.3% 4.2% 3.6% 3.5% 2.8% −0.7 −1.4
Oregon 8.3% 9.1% 9.8% 9.1% 8.0% −1.1 −0.2
Pennsylvania 7.7% 9.1% 7.6% 7.8% 8.8% 1.0 1.1
Rhode Island 10.7% 11.0% 10.9% 10.6% 9.5% −1.2 −1.2
South Carolina 1.6% 2.4% 1.3% 1.4% 2.3% 0.9 0.7
South Dakota 2.9% 3.2% 3.4% 2.1% 2.3% 0.1 −0.6
Tennessee 3.5% 3.2% 3.7% 3.5% 4.2% 0.7 0.7
Texas 3.4% 3.2% 2.8% 2.9% 3.3% 0.4 −0.1
Utah 3.8% 2.8% 4.2% 5.9% 5.9% 0.0 2.1
Vermont 5.7% 7.0% 6.9% 6.6% 8.7% 2.1 3.1
Virginia 3.1% 2.6% 3.1% 2.8% 2.8% 0.1 −0.2
Washington 12.8% 11.2% 11.5% 11.8% 10.6% −1.2 −2.2
West Virginia 8.2% 7.8% 6.5% 7.2% 7.4% 0.2 −0.8
Wisconsin 5.6% 7.8% 6.1% 6.1% 5.8% −0.2 0.2
Wyoming 5.5% 6.1% 5.1% 3.8% 3.2% −0.6 −2.3
Membership (%)
Alabama 6.5% 5.4% 4.3% 4.0% 4.8% 0.8 −1.8
Alaska 7.7% 9.5% 7.4% 9.2% 7.3% −1.9 −0.4
Arizona 3.3% 3.2% 2.9% 3.9% 2.1% −1.8 −1.3
Arkansas 4.5% 3.7% 3.2% 3.8% 4.5% 0.7 0.1
California 8.9% 9.4% 9.5% 9.2% 8.8% −0.4 −0.1
Colorado 6.8% 4.6% 4.3% 4.4% 3.8% −0.7 −3.1
Connecticut 7.3% 8.5% 7.6% 7.1% 6.5% −0.7 −0.8
Delaware 4.5% 4.4% 5.7% 4.1% 4.7% 0.6 0.2
District Of Columbia 5.6% 4.7% 4.6% 5.9% 4.4% −1.5 −1.2
Florida 2.9% 3.6% 2.8% 2.2% 2.6% 0.4 −0.3
Georgia 3.3% 2.6% 3.1% 2.9% 2.9% 0.0 −0.4
Hawaii 14.1% 13.6% 14.6% 13.6% 14.8% 1.2 0.7
Idaho 3.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.9% 2.8% −0.1 −0.1
Illinois 8.8% 8.5% 8.8% 7.5% 8.3% 0.8 −0.5
Indiana 6.9% 5.6% 6.0% 5.7% 6.3% 0.6 −0.6
Iowa 3.9% 4.1% 4.2% 4.5% 4.9% 0.4 1.0
Kansas 5.7% 6.3% 6.7% 7.2% 6.7% −0.4 1.0
Kentucky 6.8% 6.6% 6.5% 5.7% 6.2% 0.4 −0.6
Louisiana 3.4% 3.9% 2.7% 2.4% 2.6% 0.3 −0.8
Maine 5.6% 6.1% 5.8% 3.1% 4.7% 1.5 −1.0
Maryland 4.7% 5.9% 5.4% 5.5% 5.3% −0.2 0.6
Massachusetts 6.7% 6.6% 6.6% 6.8% 7.1% 0.3 0.4
Michigan 9.4% 11.2% 9.1% 10.2% 10.1% −0.1 0.7
Minnesota 7.3% 7.5% 8.6% 9.0% 8.0% −1.0 0.7
Mississippi 4.0% 5.0% 4.1% 4.4% 5.4% 1.0 1.4
Missouri 8.1% 6.2% 6.9% 7.4% 7.0% −0.3 −1.0
Montana 5.5% 5.5% 6.2% 5.5% 6.8% 1.3 1.3
Nebraska 4.8% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 3.7% −0.6 −1.0
Nevada 11.6% 9.6% 8.4% 8.0% 9.4% 1.5 −2.1
New Hampshire 5.2% 4.6% 4.1% 3.9% 3.8% −0.1 −1.4
New Jersey 7.8% 8.3% 9.3% 8.3% 9.6% 1.3 1.8
New Mexico 3.6% 3.7% 4.3% 4.6% 3.5% −1.1 −0.1
New York 12.9% 12.7% 12.9% 12.3% 12.0% −0.2 −0.9
North Carolina 1.2% 1.8% 1.5% 1.8% 1.9% 0.1 0.7
North Dakota 3.4% 3.9% 3.0% 3.6% 4.1% 0.5 0.7
Ohio 7.1% 7.2% 6.3% 7.2% 7.2% −0.1 0.1
Oklahoma 3.2% 3.6% 2.8% 2.6% 2.8% 0.2 −0.4
Oregon 7.3% 8.7% 9.4% 8.4% 7.5% −0.9 0.2
Pennsylvania 7.0% 8.3% 7.1% 7.3% 7.9% 0.6 0.9
Rhode Island 9.4% 10.3% 9.3% 9.4% 8.6% −0.8 −0.8
South Carolina 1.2% 1.9% 1.1% 1.2% 1.8% 0.5 0.6
South Dakota 2.6% 2.5% 2.7% 1.4% 1.8% 0.4 −0.8
Tennessee 2.8% 2.7% 3.0% 3.0% 3.4% 0.4 0.6
Texas 2.5% 2.6% 2.3% 2.2% 2.7% 0.5 0.2
Utah 3.2% 1.7% 1.6% 1.8% 1.6% −0.2 −1.5
Vermont 5.3% 5.6% 6.1% 5.9% 8.2% 2.3 2.9
Virginia 2.5% 2.0% 2.4% 2.2% 2.3% 0.0 −0.2
Washington 11.9% 10.6% 10.8% 11.0% 9.7% −1.3 −2.2
West Virginia 7.6% 7.5% 5.8% 6.8% 6.6% −0.1 −0.9
Wisconsin 5.2% 6.8% 5.4% 5.3% 5.2% −0.1 0.0
Wyoming 5.0% 5.0% 4.2% 3.3% 3.0% −0.3 −2.1
Coverage
Alabama 125,000 93,000 81,000 82,000 100,000 18,000 −25,000
Alaska 17,000 22,000 17,000 22,000 16,000 −5,000 −1,000
Arizona 110,000 93,000 96,000 118,000 67,000 −51,000 −43,000
Arkansas 50,000 47,000 33,000 45,000 50,000 6,000 0
California 1,387,000 1,321,000 1,494,000 1,394,000 1,342,000 −52,000 −44,000
Colorado 155,000 103,000 104,000 108,000 104,000 −4,000 −51,000
Connecticut 123,000 131,000 115,000 120,000 105,000 −14,000 −18,000
Delaware 20,000 17,000 22,000 17,000 20,000 2,000 −1,000
District Of Columbia 17,000 12,000 13,000 16,000 13,000 −3,000 −4,000
Florida 284,000 317,000 249,000 223,000 287,000 63,000 3,000
Georgia 151,000 140,000 145,000 130,000 130,000 0 −21,000
Hawaii 68,000 58,000 64,000 65,000 69,000 3,000 1,000
Idaho 25,000 25,000 21,000 25,000 24,000 0 −1,000
Illinois 479,000 415,000 446,000 406,000 427,000 21,000 −52,000
Indiana 207,000 160,000 160,000 172,000 186,000 14,000 −21,000
Iowa 56,000 59,000 57,000 70,000 76,000 6,000 20,000
Kansas 66,000 87,000 79,000 88,000 86,000 −2,000 20,000
Kentucky 119,000 118,000 125,000 111,000 116,000 5,000 −3,000
Louisiana 57,000 63,000 47,000 42,000 46,000 5,000 −11,000
Maine 32,000 29,000 33,000 21,000 26,000 5,000 −6,000
Maryland 118,000 135,000 129,000 124,000 137,000 14,000 20,000
Massachusetts 228,000 199,000 203,000 216,000 233,000 17,000 5,000
Michigan 414,000 435,000 365,000 429,000 433,000 4,000 19,000
Minnesota 181,000 175,000 210,000 225,000 198,000 −27,000 17,000
Mississippi 55,000 51,000 43,000 54,000 67,000 13,000 11,000
Missouri 202,000 144,000 171,000 181,000 185,000 4,000 −17,000
Montana 22,000 21,000 25,000 22,000 28,000 6,000 6,000
Nebraska 39,000 35,000 37,000 43,000 38,000 −5,000 −1,000
Nevada 146,000 111,000 104,000 102,000 130,000 28,000 −15,000
New Hampshire 34,000 27,000 27,000 25,000 28,000 3,000 −6,000
New Jersey 302,000 310,000 327,000 335,000 391,000 56,000 89,000
New Mexico 24,000 23,000 30,000 32,000 27,000 −5,000 2,000
New York 1,017,000 894,000 918,000 917,000 887,000 −30,000 −130,000
North Carolina 63,000 91,000 74,000 94,000 94,000 0 32,000
North Dakota 13,000 13,000 11,000 13,000 16,000 2,000 3,000
Ohio 349,000 323,000 294,000 340,000 342,000 3,000 −6,000
Oklahoma 54,000 51,000 46,000 45,000 38,000 −6,000 −16,000
Oregon 124,000 128,000 143,000 140,000 123,000 −17,000 −1,000
Pennsylvania 387,000 430,000 359,000 386,000 448,000 62,000 62,000
Rhode Island 43,000 43,000 45,000 47,000 42,000 −5,000 −1,000
South Carolina 29,000 40,000 23,000 24,000 40,000 16,000 12,000
South Dakota 10,000 10,000 11,000 8,000 8,000 0 −1,000
Tennessee 88,000 74,000 89,000 87,000 106,000 19,000 18,000
Texas 368,000 321,000 289,000 315,000 375,000 60,000 8,000
Utah 44,000 33,000 52,000 77,000 80,000 3,000 35,000
Vermont 14,000 16,000 15,000 15,000 22,000 7,000 9,000
Virginia 94,000 74,000 88,000 84,000 89,000 5,000 −6,000
Washington 359,000 300,000 304,000 326,000 309,000 −17,000 −50,000
West Virginia 48,000 42,000 36,000 40,000 42,000 2,000 −6,000
Wisconsin 129,000 171,000 141,000 139,000 140,000 1,000 11,000
Wyoming 10,000 11,000 9,000 7,000 6,000 −1,000 −4,000
Membership
Alabama 113,000 86,000 70,000 70,000 83,000 14,000 −29,000
Alaska 15,000 20,000 16,000 20,000 16,000 −3,000 1,000
Arizona 87,000 80,000 77,000 105,000 57,000 −48,000 −31,000
Arkansas 45,000 36,000 31,000 38,000 45,000 7,000 1,000
California 1,246,000 1,207,000 1,264,000 1,259,000 1,218,000 −42,000 −28,000
Colorado 148,000 97,000 89,000 98,000 85,000 −13,000 −63,000
Connecticut 106,000 114,000 101,000 101,000 89,000 −12,000 −17,000
Delaware 17,000 16,000 21,000 15,000 17,000 2,000 1,000
District Of Columbia 15,000 12,000 12,000 14,000 11,000 −3,000 −4,000
Florida 222,000 256,000 208,000 176,000 218,000 42,000 −4,000
Georgia 125,000 94,000 114,000 112,000 115,000 3,000 −10,000
Hawaii 62,000 52,000 59,000 60,000 65,000 5,000 3,000
Idaho 20,000 21,000 20,000 21,000 19,000 −1,000 0
Illinois 435,000 385,000 408,000 369,000 404,000 35,000 −31,000
Indiana 182,000 141,000 149,000 152,000 168,000 16,000 −13,000
Iowa 51,000 49,000 50,000 58,000 63,000 5,000 12,000
Kansas 59,000 67,000 72,000 75,000 75,000 0 16,000
Kentucky 103,000 93,000 97,000 87,000 89,000 2,000 −14,000
Louisiana 50,000 54,000 38,000 35,000 39,000 4,000 −11,000
Maine 28,000 27,000 27,000 14,000 22,000 8,000 −6,000
Maryland 105,000 121,000 112,000 115,000 112,000 −3,000 7,000
Massachusetts 198,000 175,000 185,000 194,000 203,000 9,000 5,000
Michigan 366,000 394,000 320,000 389,000 397,000 7,000 31,000
Minnesota 171,000 162,000 190,000 209,000 184,000 −25,000 14,000
Mississippi 36,000 43,000 37,000 40,000 48,000 7,000 12,000
Missouri 183,000 133,000 157,000 168,000 168,000 0 −16,000
Montana 20,000 18,000 22,000 20,000 26,000 6,000 7,000
Nebraska 36,000 32,000 33,000 35,000 30,000 −5,000 −7,000
Nevada 137,000 100,000 93,000 90,000 112,000 22,000 −25,000
New Hampshire 30,000 25,000 23,000 23,000 22,000 −1,000 −8,000
New Jersey 268,000 265,000 301,000 298,000 352,000 54,000 84,000
New Mexico 22,000 20,000 25,000 28,000 21,000 −7,000 −1,000
New York 910,000 798,000 831,000 841,000 832,000 −8,000 −77,000
North Carolina 44,000 63,000 55,000 68,000 76,000 7,000 32,000
North Dakota 10,000 11,000 9,000 11,000 12,000 1,000 2,000
Ohio 311,000 292,000 270,000 309,000 311,000 2,000 0
Oklahoma 40,000 44,000 36,000 33,000 38,000 5,000 −3,000
Oregon 110,000 123,000 137,000 129,000 115,000 −14,000 5,000
Pennsylvania 353,000 392,000 336,000 361,000 401,000 40,000 47,000
Rhode Island 38,000 40,000 38,000 41,000 38,000 −3,000 0
South Carolina 22,000 32,000 19,000 21,000 31,000 10,000 9,000
South Dakota 9,000 8,000 9,000 5,000 6,000 1,000 −2,000
Tennessee 71,000 62,000 73,000 76,000 88,000 12,000 16,000
Texas 271,000 261,000 234,000 235,000 306,000 71,000 34,000
Utah 37,000 20,000 20,000 24,000 22,000 −2,000 −15,000
Vermont 13,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 21,000 7,000 8,000
Virginia 76,000 59,000 69,000 68,000 71,000 3,000 −5,000
Washington 334,000 284,000 287,000 302,000 282,000 −20,000 −52,000
West Virginia 44,000 41,000 32,000 38,000 38,000 0 −6,000
Wisconsin 120,000 151,000 125,000 123,000 126,000 3,000 6,000
Wyoming 9,000 9,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 0 −3,000
Total employment
Alabama 1,729,000 1,582,000 1,615,000 1,737,000 1,752,000 15,000 23,000
Alaska 202,000 209,000 213,000 215,000 223,000 9,000 21,000
Arizona 2,606,000 2,492,000 2,669,000 2,684,000 2,744,000 60,000 139,000
Arkansas 1,003,000 976,000 982,000 1,002,000 1,009,000 6,000 6,000
California 14,065,000 12,813,000 13,269,000 13,715,000 13,844,000 129,000 −220,000
Colorado 2,174,000 2,094,000 2,101,000 2,206,000 2,265,000 59,000 91,000
Connecticut 1,457,000 1,342,000 1,319,000 1,412,000 1,378,000 −34,000 −78,000
Delaware 369,000 355,000 366,000 378,000 365,000 −13,000 −5,000
District Of Columbia 265,000 246,000 255,000 240,000 249,000 9,000 −16,000
Florida 7,639,000 7,118,000 7,528,000 7,942,000 8,316,000 373,000 676,000
Georgia 3,754,000 3,566,000 3,697,000 3,852,000 3,922,000 70,000 168,000
Hawaii 440,000 383,000 406,000 444,000 439,000 −5,000 −1,000
Idaho 659,000 615,000 651,000 698,000 679,000 −19,000 21,000
Illinois 4,919,000 4,551,000 4,631,000 4,903,000 4,851,000 −52,000 −68,000
Indiana 2,650,000 2,515,000 2,474,000 2,669,000 2,681,000 12,000 31,000
Iowa 1,299,000 1,173,000 1,205,000 1,296,000 1,284,000 −12,000 −16,000
Kansas 1,038,000 1,069,000 1,074,000 1,052,000 1,118,000 66,000 80,000
Kentucky 1,531,000 1,419,000 1,483,000 1,519,000 1,436,000 −83,000 −95,000
Louisiana 1,467,000 1,382,000 1,400,000 1,480,000 1,469,000 −11,000 2,000
Maine 499,000 446,000 471,000 447,000 477,000 30,000 −22,000
Maryland 2,203,000 2,050,000 2,054,000 2,097,000 2,100,000 3,000 −103,000
Massachusetts 2,982,000 2,668,000 2,791,000 2,852,000 2,866,000 14,000 −116,000
Michigan 3,883,000 3,518,000 3,526,000 3,807,000 3,935,000 128,000 51,000
Minnesota 2,324,000 2,154,000 2,195,000 2,312,000 2,304,000 −8,000 −20,000
Mississippi 897,000 861,000 893,000 905,000 880,000 −25,000 −17,000
Missouri 2,275,000 2,167,000 2,256,000 2,279,000 2,381,000 102,000 106,000
Montana 358,000 336,000 356,000 372,000 387,000 15,000 29,000
Nebraska 756,000 744,000 765,000 797,000 793,000 −4,000 36,000
Nevada 1,183,000 1,042,000 1,104,000 1,132,000 1,190,000 58,000 7,000
New Hampshire 589,000 543,000 552,000 586,000 581,000 −6,000 −8,000
New Jersey 3,444,000 3,187,000 3,227,000 3,586,000 3,665,000 79,000 221,000
New Mexico 603,000 540,000 578,000 616,000 601,000 −15,000 −2,000
New York 7,026,000 6,306,000 6,430,000 6,855,000 6,911,000 55,000 −116,000
North Carolina 3,693,000 3,573,000 3,606,000 3,713,000 3,955,000 242,000 262,000
North Dakota 297,000 276,000 289,000 305,000 299,000 −5,000 2,000
Ohio 4,396,000 4,056,000 4,269,000 4,272,000 4,346,000 74,000 −50,000
Oklahoma 1,267,000 1,219,000 1,271,000 1,255,000 1,347,000 92,000 80,000
Oregon 1,504,000 1,406,000 1,454,000 1,531,000 1,526,000 −5,000 22,000
Pennsylvania 5,038,000 4,709,000 4,729,000 4,934,000 5,088,000 154,000 50,000
Rhode Island 400,000 393,000 414,000 438,000 444,000 6,000 43,000
South Carolina 1,806,000 1,711,000 1,762,000 1,709,000 1,755,000 46,000 −52,000
South Dakota 332,000 325,000 336,000 365,000 366,000 1,000 35,000
Tennessee 2,533,000 2,291,000 2,411,000 2,516,000 2,542,000 26,000 9,000
Texas 10,699,000 9,902,000 10,361,000 10,780,000 11,268,000 488,000 569,000
Utah 1,164,000 1,166,000 1,244,000 1,293,000 1,345,000 52,000 181,000
Vermont 243,000 221,000 215,000 232,000 256,000 24,000 13,000
Virginia 3,073,000 2,883,000 2,824,000 3,028,000 3,131,000 103,000 58,000
Washington 2,809,000 2,679,000 2,649,000 2,760,000 2,919,000 160,000 111,000
West Virginia 581,000 544,000 555,000 554,000 566,000 11,000 −16,000
Wisconsin 2,300,000 2,208,000 2,305,000 2,296,000 2,403,000 108,000 104,000
Wyoming 179,000 175,000 175,000 177,000 194,000 16,000 15,000
Sample size
Alabama 2,564 2,219 2,329 2,297 2,139
Alaska 1,221 1,173 1,111 1,050 1,070
Arizona 2,069 1,867 1,864 1,733 1,731
Arkansas 2,209 1,911 1,900 1,793 1,782
California 11,278 9,312 9,456 9,344 9,094
Colorado 1,672 1,518 1,519 1,583 1,413
Connecticut 1,489 1,229 1,197 1,195 1,182
Delaware 1,373 1,199 1,266 1,258 1,137
District Of Columbia 1,989 1,763 1,760 1,648 1,484
Florida 5,698 4,847 5,286 5,251 5,114
Georgia 2,995 2,514 2,553 2,352 2,281
Hawaii 1,687 1,286 1,352 1,438 1,384
Idaho 2,204 1,958 2,058 1,974 1,844
Illinois 3,760 3,285 3,264 3,196 3,027
Indiana 2,323 2,009 2,024 1,984 1,788
Iowa 1,765 1,472 1,392 1,395 1,381
Kansas 1,652 1,569 1,516 1,325 1,363
Kentucky 1,423 1,284 1,330 1,179 1,014
Louisiana 2,701 2,288 2,305 2,276 2,161
Maine 1,043 900 857 781 788
Maryland 1,581 1,390 1,375 1,271 1,180
Massachusetts 3,127 2,657 2,729 2,708 2,634
Michigan 3,186 2,743 2,586 2,607 2,607
Minnesota 1,944 1,685 1,600 1,645 1,597
Mississippi 2,009 1,813 1,828 1,745 1,568
Missouri 1,825 1,694 1,751 1,666 1,679
Montana 2,135 1,875 1,839 1,690 1,670
Nebraska 1,790 1,667 1,665 1,521 1,457
Nevada 1,803 1,489 1,537 1,486 1,440
New Hampshire 2,097 1,788 1,661 1,561 1,458
New Jersey 2,802 2,348 2,244 2,204 2,178
New Mexico 1,766 1,451 1,536 1,527 1,365
New York 5,329 4,338 4,025 4,088 3,883
North Carolina 2,920 2,505 2,705 2,592 2,748
North Dakota 2,160 1,938 2,013 1,881 1,578
Ohio 3,275 2,811 2,892 2,633 2,523
Oklahoma 1,730 1,611 1,535 1,373 1,428
Oregon 1,968 1,807 1,862 1,805 1,661
Pennsylvania 3,723 3,212 3,221 3,255 3,137
Rhode Island 1,241 1,090 1,082 1,015 1,001
South Carolina 2,030 1,760 1,821 1,668 1,689
South Dakota 1,562 1,429 1,420 1,397 1,321
Tennessee 2,590 2,131 2,154 2,005 1,827
Texas 7,585 6,286 6,613 6,523 6,332
Utah 2,196 2,052 2,132 2,054 1,940
Vermont 1,779 1,551 1,467 1,398 1,423
Virginia 2,355 2,072 1,977 1,972 1,896
Washington 2,528 2,283 2,125 2,028 2,106
West Virginia 2,433 2,029 1,877 1,841 1,812
Wisconsin 1,914 1,737 1,732 1,663 1,690
Wyoming 1,597 1,492 1,407 1,341 1,331
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2020. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.46, https://microdata.epi.org.