Table 5a: Union membership and union coverage within the private sector, 12-months ending December, 2019 to 2023
By state
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Change
2023-2022 2023-2019
Coverage (%)
Alabama 7.3% 5.9% 4.7% 5.2% 5.6% 0.3 −1.7
Alaska 9.2% 10.6% 8.4% 9.6% 7.5% −2.2 −1.8
Arizona 4.3% 3.5% 3.7% 4.1% 2.8% −1.3 −1.5
Arkansas 4.9% 4.6% 3.6% 4.7% 4.7% 0.0 −0.2
California 9.8% 10.6% 10.9% 10.3% 9.8% −0.4 0.0
Colorado 6.3% 5.3% 4.8% 4.8% 5.1% 0.3 −1.3
Connecticut 8.4% 9.8% 9.0% 7.7% 7.6% −0.1 −0.7
Delaware 5.3% 4.9% 6.2% 4.4% 5.2% 0.9 −0.1
District Of Columbia 5.9% 5.0% 5.3% 6.1% 5.3% −0.8 −0.6
Florida 3.8% 4.5% 3.3% 2.8% 3.3% 0.6 −0.4
Georgia 3.9% 4.3% 3.6% 3.3% 3.4% 0.1 −0.5
Hawaii 16.0% 14.7% 15.7% 14.4% 16.0% 1.7 0.1
Idaho 3.8% 4.0% 3.2% 3.7% 3.4% −0.3 −0.4
Illinois 9.8% 9.1% 9.4% 8.4% 8.5% 0.2 −1.3
Indiana 7.7% 6.5% 6.7% 6.2% 7.1% 0.9 −0.6
Iowa 4.4% 4.6% 4.8% 5.6% 5.8% 0.1 1.4
Kansas 6.4% 8.2% 7.8% 8.4% 7.3% −1.1 0.8
Kentucky 7.7% 8.2% 8.3% 7.9% 8.1% 0.2 0.4
Louisiana 3.9% 4.4% 3.5% 2.9% 3.3% 0.4 −0.6
Maine 6.3% 6.8% 7.4% 4.6% 4.9% 0.3 −1.4
Maryland 5.2% 6.9% 6.3% 6.5% 6.0% −0.4 0.8
Massachusetts 7.8% 7.2% 7.7% 7.6% 8.0% 0.4 0.2
Michigan 11.0% 12.2% 10.4% 11.6% 10.7% −0.8 −0.2
Minnesota 7.8% 8.2% 9.9% 9.6% 8.2% −1.4 0.4
Mississippi 6.2% 6.1% 4.9% 5.4% 8.1% 2.7 1.8
Missouri 9.0% 6.8% 7.2% 8.0% 8.0% −0.1 −1.1
Montana 6.0% 6.2% 7.2% 5.8% 7.2% 1.4 1.2
Nebraska 4.9% 5.0% 4.8% 5.4% 4.9% −0.5 0.0
Nevada 12.3% 10.6% 9.4% 8.9% 10.9% 1.9 −1.5
New Hampshire 5.7% 4.7% 5.1% 4.2% 4.9% 0.7 −0.8
New Jersey 9.2% 9.6% 10.2% 9.2% 11.0% 1.7 1.8
New Mexico 4.1% 4.1% 5.1% 5.4% 4.4% −1.0 0.3
New York 14.2% 14.0% 14.4% 13.3% 12.9% −0.4 −1.3
North Carolina 1.8% 2.5% 2.1% 2.5% 2.3% −0.2 0.5
North Dakota 4.3% 4.4% 3.8% 4.4% 5.0% 0.7 0.7
Ohio 7.8% 7.8% 7.1% 8.2% 8.0% −0.2 0.2
Oklahoma 4.1% 4.4% 3.5% 3.4% 3.1% −0.2 −1.0
Oregon 8.2% 9.3% 9.8% 8.8% 7.9% −0.9 −0.3
Pennsylvania 7.9% 8.9% 7.7% 7.8% 8.7% 0.9 0.9
Rhode Island 11.2% 10.9% 10.1% 10.8% 8.6% −2.2 −2.6
South Carolina 1.6% 2.4% 1.4% 1.4% 2.1% 0.7 0.5
South Dakota 2.9% 3.4% 3.2% 2.1% 2.2% 0.1 −0.7
Tennessee 3.6% 3.4% 3.5% 3.2% 4.5% 1.3 1.0
Texas 3.4% 3.4% 2.8% 2.9% 3.2% 0.4 −0.1
Utah 3.8% 3.1% 4.3% 5.9% 5.9% 0.0 2.1
Vermont 5.7% 6.8% 7.0% 6.7% 8.4% 1.8 2.8
Virginia 3.1% 2.6% 3.2% 2.7% 3.0% 0.4 −0.1
Washington 13.1% 10.9% 11.6% 11.4% 11.1% −0.3 −2.0
West Virginia 8.4% 7.8% 6.6% 7.2% 7.4% 0.3 −1.0
Wisconsin 5.6% 7.3% 6.6% 5.9% 6.1% 0.3 0.5
Wyoming 5.6% 6.3% 4.9% 3.6% 3.2% −0.4 −2.4
Membership (%)
Alabama 6.5% 5.4% 4.0% 4.5% 4.6% 0.1 −1.9
Alaska 8.4% 9.4% 7.5% 9.0% 7.2% −1.8 −1.1
Arizona 3.4% 3.0% 3.0% 3.7% 2.4% −1.3 −1.0
Arkansas 4.3% 3.6% 3.3% 4.2% 4.3% 0.1 −0.1
California 8.8% 9.6% 9.3% 9.3% 8.8% −0.5 0.0
Colorado 6.0% 5.0% 4.1% 4.3% 4.3% 0.0 −1.7
Connecticut 7.1% 8.6% 7.3% 6.9% 6.7% −0.1 −0.4
Delaware 4.4% 4.5% 6.0% 3.9% 4.6% 0.7 0.2
District Of Columbia 5.3% 4.7% 5.0% 5.3% 4.6% −0.7 −0.7
Florida 3.0% 3.6% 2.8% 2.2% 2.5% 0.3 −0.6
Georgia 3.2% 3.0% 2.8% 2.9% 2.9% 0.0 −0.2
Hawaii 14.6% 13.3% 14.5% 13.3% 15.2% 1.9 0.6
Idaho 3.0% 3.5% 3.0% 3.0% 2.8% −0.1 −0.2
Illinois 8.9% 8.5% 8.6% 7.6% 8.0% 0.4 −0.8
Indiana 6.7% 5.8% 6.2% 5.6% 6.3% 0.8 −0.3
Iowa 4.0% 3.8% 4.1% 4.8% 4.8% 0.0 0.9
Kansas 5.6% 6.4% 6.9% 7.2% 6.5% −0.7 0.9
Kentucky 6.7% 6.5% 6.3% 6.3% 6.1% −0.2 −0.6
Louisiana 3.4% 3.8% 2.9% 2.4% 2.8% 0.4 −0.6
Maine 5.5% 6.4% 5.9% 3.2% 4.3% 1.1 −1.2
Maryland 4.6% 6.3% 5.5% 5.8% 5.1% −0.8 0.4
Massachusetts 6.6% 6.4% 7.2% 6.6% 7.1% 0.4 0.5
Michigan 9.8% 11.1% 9.1% 10.6% 9.7% −0.8 −0.1
Minnesota 7.4% 7.5% 9.0% 8.9% 7.6% −1.2 0.2
Mississippi 4.1% 5.2% 4.1% 4.0% 5.7% 1.6 1.6
Missouri 8.2% 6.4% 6.6% 7.5% 7.2% −0.2 −0.9
Montana 5.3% 5.6% 6.3% 5.4% 6.8% 1.4 1.5
Nebraska 4.6% 4.6% 4.1% 4.5% 3.8% −0.7 −0.8
Nevada 11.6% 9.6% 8.3% 8.0% 9.4% 1.3 −2.2
New Hampshire 5.2% 4.3% 4.3% 3.7% 3.7% 0.0 −1.4
New Jersey 8.0% 8.3% 9.0% 8.4% 10.0% 1.7 2.0
New Mexico 3.6% 3.6% 4.2% 4.6% 3.6% −1.0 0.0
New York 12.7% 12.6% 13.1% 12.2% 12.2% 0.1 −0.5
North Carolina 1.2% 1.8% 1.5% 1.8% 1.9% 0.0 0.7
North Dakota 3.3% 3.6% 3.0% 3.6% 4.0% 0.4 0.7
Ohio 6.9% 7.1% 6.5% 7.5% 7.0% −0.5 0.1
Oklahoma 3.1% 3.8% 2.7% 2.6% 3.0% 0.4 −0.1
Oregon 7.3% 8.9% 9.4% 8.1% 7.2% −0.8 −0.1
Pennsylvania 7.1% 8.2% 7.3% 7.4% 7.8% 0.4 0.7
Rhode Island 10.0% 9.9% 8.7% 9.5% 7.8% −1.7 −2.2
South Carolina 1.3% 1.9% 1.1% 1.3% 1.6% 0.3 0.3
South Dakota 2.6% 2.7% 2.5% 1.4% 1.8% 0.4 −0.9
Tennessee 2.9% 2.8% 3.0% 2.8% 3.8% 1.0 0.9
Texas 2.5% 2.7% 2.2% 2.2% 2.6% 0.4 0.2
Utah 3.1% 1.8% 1.7% 1.5% 1.9% 0.4 −1.1
Vermont 5.3% 5.5% 6.0% 5.9% 8.2% 2.3 2.9
Virginia 2.5% 2.0% 2.4% 2.2% 2.4% 0.2 −0.1
Washington 12.0% 10.3% 10.9% 10.7% 10.0% −0.7 −2.0
West Virginia 7.8% 7.3% 6.1% 6.7% 6.7% 0.0 −1.1
Wisconsin 5.1% 6.5% 5.7% 5.2% 5.6% 0.4 0.5
Wyoming 5.1% 5.1% 4.1% 3.1% 3.0% −0.1 −2.1
Coverage
Alabama 125,000 93,000 76,000 91,000 97,000 6,000 −28,000
Alaska 19,000 22,000 18,000 21,000 17,000 −4,000 −2,000
Arizona 113,000 87,000 101,000 110,000 79,000 −31,000 −34,000
Arkansas 49,000 45,000 36,000 47,000 47,000 0 −2,000
California 1,385,000 1,349,000 1,446,000 1,413,000 1,360,000 −53,000 −26,000
Colorado 139,000 110,000 102,000 106,000 115,000 9,000 −24,000
Connecticut 122,000 130,000 121,000 110,000 104,000 −6,000 −17,000
Delaware 20,000 17,000 23,000 16,000 19,000 3,000 0
District Of Columbia 16,000 12,000 14,000 15,000 13,000 −1,000 −2,000
Florida 288,000 317,000 253,000 220,000 277,000 56,000 −11,000
Georgia 147,000 151,000 132,000 128,000 134,000 5,000 −13,000
Hawaii 71,000 56,000 64,000 64,000 70,000 6,000 0
Idaho 25,000 25,000 21,000 26,000 23,000 −3,000 −2,000
Illinois 485,000 415,000 441,000 408,000 414,000 6,000 −71,000
Indiana 204,000 164,000 166,000 165,000 189,000 24,000 −15,000
Iowa 57,000 54,000 58,000 73,000 74,000 1,000 17,000
Kansas 67,000 87,000 83,000 90,000 82,000 −8,000 14,000
Kentucky 118,000 116,000 122,000 120,000 117,000 −3,000 −2,000
Louisiana 57,000 60,000 50,000 43,000 49,000 6,000 −8,000
Maine 32,000 30,000 35,000 21,000 24,000 3,000 −8,000
Maryland 117,000 140,000 129,000 137,000 125,000 −11,000 8,000
Massachusetts 232,000 189,000 216,000 215,000 230,000 15,000 −2,000
Michigan 423,000 424,000 372,000 440,000 424,000 −15,000 2,000
Minnesota 179,000 175,000 219,000 222,000 190,000 −32,000 10,000
Mississippi 56,000 52,000 44,000 49,000 71,000 22,000 15,000
Missouri 205,000 149,000 161,000 184,000 188,000 3,000 −17,000
Montana 21,000 21,000 25,000 22,000 28,000 6,000 6,000
Nebraska 37,000 37,000 37,000 43,000 39,000 −4,000 2,000
Nevada 146,000 109,000 103,000 101,000 131,000 30,000 −15,000
New Hampshire 34,000 26,000 28,000 24,000 28,000 4,000 −5,000
New Jersey 319,000 303,000 328,000 334,000 401,000 68,000 82,000
New Mexico 25,000 23,000 29,000 33,000 26,000 −7,000 2,000
New York 989,000 878,000 930,000 912,000 895,000 −17,000 −94,000
North Carolina 65,000 88,000 76,000 94,000 91,000 −2,000 26,000
North Dakota 13,000 12,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 2,000 2,000
Ohio 342,000 317,000 305,000 351,000 348,000 −3,000 6,000
Oklahoma 53,000 54,000 45,000 42,000 43,000 1,000 −10,000
Oregon 123,000 131,000 145,000 135,000 120,000 −15,000 −3,000
Pennsylvania 396,000 419,000 367,000 386,000 447,000 61,000 52,000
Rhode Island 46,000 43,000 42,000 48,000 38,000 −9,000 −7,000
South Carolina 30,000 40,000 24,000 25,000 37,000 13,000 8,000
South Dakota 10,000 11,000 11,000 8,000 8,000 1,000 −1,000
Tennessee 90,000 78,000 85,000 82,000 115,000 34,000 25,000
Texas 362,000 335,000 290,000 310,000 366,000 56,000 4,000
Utah 45,000 36,000 53,000 77,000 79,000 1,000 34,000
Vermont 14,000 15,000 15,000 16,000 21,000 6,000 8,000
Virginia 95,000 75,000 90,000 81,000 94,000 14,000 −1,000
Washington 368,000 287,000 311,000 315,000 324,000 9,000 −44,000
West Virginia 49,000 42,000 36,000 40,000 42,000 2,000 −7,000
Wisconsin 130,000 162,000 153,000 134,000 148,000 14,000 18,000
Wyoming 10,000 11,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 0 −4,000
Membership
Alabama 112,000 85,000 65,000 78,000 81,000 2,000 −31,000
Alaska 17,000 20,000 16,000 19,000 16,000 −3,000 −1,000
Arizona 90,000 74,000 81,000 98,000 67,000 −31,000 −23,000
Arkansas 44,000 35,000 33,000 42,000 43,000 1,000 −1,000
California 1,247,000 1,221,000 1,236,000 1,273,000 1,213,000 −60,000 −34,000
Colorado 132,000 104,000 86,000 95,000 98,000 3,000 −34,000
Connecticut 103,000 115,000 98,000 97,000 92,000 −6,000 −12,000
Delaware 16,000 16,000 22,000 15,000 17,000 2,000 0
District Of Columbia 14,000 11,000 13,000 13,000 12,000 −1,000 −3,000
Florida 233,000 252,000 211,000 175,000 207,000 32,000 −26,000
Georgia 119,000 104,000 105,000 112,000 116,000 4,000 −3,000
Hawaii 64,000 50,000 59,000 59,000 66,000 7,000 2,000
Idaho 20,000 22,000 20,000 21,000 19,000 −2,000 −1,000
Illinois 438,000 386,000 402,000 371,000 389,000 18,000 −49,000
Indiana 178,000 145,000 153,000 149,000 170,000 21,000 −8,000
Iowa 51,000 44,000 49,000 63,000 62,000 −1,000 11,000
Kansas 58,000 68,000 73,000 77,000 73,000 −4,000 14,000
Kentucky 102,000 92,000 94,000 96,000 88,000 −8,000 −15,000
Louisiana 50,000 52,000 40,000 35,000 41,000 5,000 −9,000
Maine 28,000 28,000 28,000 14,000 21,000 7,000 −7,000
Maryland 103,000 126,000 112,000 123,000 105,000 −18,000 2,000
Massachusetts 197,000 170,000 201,000 189,000 204,000 16,000 7,000
Michigan 379,000 387,000 326,000 401,000 385,000 −17,000 5,000
Minnesota 171,000 160,000 199,000 205,000 176,000 −29,000 6,000
Mississippi 37,000 44,000 36,000 36,000 50,000 13,000 13,000
Missouri 185,000 139,000 147,000 171,000 170,000 −1,000 −15,000
Montana 19,000 19,000 22,000 20,000 26,000 6,000 7,000
Nebraska 34,000 34,000 31,000 36,000 30,000 −6,000 −5,000
Nevada 138,000 99,000 91,000 91,000 113,000 22,000 −24,000
New Hampshire 31,000 23,000 24,000 22,000 22,000 0 −9,000
New Jersey 279,000 262,000 292,000 302,000 367,000 65,000 88,000
New Mexico 22,000 20,000 24,000 29,000 22,000 −7,000 0
New York 884,000 789,000 843,000 832,000 849,000 16,000 −35,000
North Carolina 44,000 65,000 55,000 68,000 74,000 5,000 30,000
North Dakota 10,000 10,000 9,000 11,000 12,000 1,000 2,000
Ohio 305,000 288,000 279,000 323,000 306,000 −16,000 1,000
Oklahoma 39,000 46,000 35,000 33,000 41,000 8,000 2,000
Oregon 110,000 126,000 139,000 124,000 110,000 −14,000 0
Pennsylvania 357,000 384,000 344,000 363,000 400,000 37,000 42,000
Rhode Island 40,000 39,000 36,000 42,000 35,000 −7,000 −6,000
South Carolina 23,000 32,000 19,000 23,000 28,000 5,000 5,000
South Dakota 9,000 9,000 8,000 5,000 7,000 1,000 −2,000
Tennessee 72,000 65,000 72,000 71,000 97,000 26,000 25,000
Texas 267,000 268,000 230,000 237,000 299,000 61,000 32,000
Utah 36,000 21,000 21,000 20,000 26,000 6,000 −10,000
Vermont 13,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 21,000 7,000 8,000
Virginia 76,000 59,000 69,000 67,000 75,000 7,000 −1,000
Washington 339,000 271,000 292,000 297,000 294,000 −3,000 −46,000
West Virginia 45,000 40,000 33,000 37,000 38,000 0 −8,000
Wisconsin 119,000 143,000 132,000 120,000 136,000 16,000 17,000
Wyoming 9,000 9,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 0 −3,000
Total employment
Alabama 1,716,000 1,581,000 1,622,000 1,739,000 1,744,000 5,000 27,000
Alaska 204,000 208,000 213,000 214,000 223,000 9,000 19,000
Arizona 2,611,000 2,493,000 2,703,000 2,648,000 2,768,000 120,000 157,000
Arkansas 1,006,000 973,000 990,000 1,000,000 1,002,000 3,000 −4,000
California 14,123,000 12,708,000 13,239,000 13,732,000 13,804,000 72,000 −319,000
Colorado 2,192,000 2,065,000 2,101,000 2,207,000 2,275,000 68,000 83,000
Connecticut 1,456,000 1,327,000 1,340,000 1,422,000 1,367,000 −55,000 −89,000
Delaware 371,000 356,000 366,000 376,000 366,000 −10,000 −5,000
District Of Columbia 266,000 243,000 254,000 241,000 253,000 12,000 −13,000
Florida 7,629,000 7,047,000 7,613,000 8,000,000 8,298,000 298,000 669,000
Georgia 3,755,000 3,536,000 3,718,000 3,869,000 3,942,000 73,000 187,000
Hawaii 442,000 377,000 408,000 447,000 438,000 −9,000 −4,000
Idaho 662,000 618,000 655,000 695,000 675,000 −20,000 13,000
Illinois 4,933,000 4,539,000 4,677,000 4,875,000 4,846,000 −29,000 −87,000
Indiana 2,669,000 2,505,000 2,470,000 2,671,000 2,679,000 7,000 9,000
Iowa 1,298,000 1,168,000 1,210,000 1,303,000 1,281,000 −22,000 −17,000
Kansas 1,046,000 1,064,000 1,069,000 1,066,000 1,122,000 57,000 76,000
Kentucky 1,540,000 1,411,000 1,483,000 1,517,000 1,442,000 −75,000 −98,000
Louisiana 1,465,000 1,376,000 1,416,000 1,487,000 1,461,000 −26,000 −4,000
Maine 498,000 444,000 470,000 447,000 483,000 36,000 −15,000
Maryland 2,235,000 2,019,000 2,048,000 2,107,000 2,072,000 −35,000 −163,000
Massachusetts 2,984,000 2,638,000 2,792,000 2,843,000 2,886,000 44,000 −98,000
Michigan 3,856,000 3,485,000 3,577,000 3,799,000 3,953,000 155,000 98,000
Minnesota 2,303,000 2,132,000 2,213,000 2,318,000 2,312,000 −6,000 9,000
Mississippi 902,000 854,000 894,000 901,000 877,000 −23,000 −25,000
Missouri 2,266,000 2,172,000 2,239,000 2,297,000 2,357,000 60,000 91,000
Montana 359,000 337,000 355,000 376,000 382,000 6,000 23,000
Nebraska 751,000 745,000 770,000 795,000 792,000 −3,000 41,000
Nevada 1,187,000 1,030,000 1,097,000 1,134,000 1,208,000 74,000 21,000
New Hampshire 590,000 542,000 556,000 585,000 580,000 −5,000 −10,000
New Jersey 3,470,000 3,159,000 3,226,000 3,607,000 3,653,000 46,000 183,000
New Mexico 605,000 543,000 576,000 619,000 598,000 −21,000 −7,000
New York 6,962,000 6,275,000 6,442,000 6,844,000 6,947,000 103,000 −15,000
North Carolina 3,704,000 3,549,000 3,653,000 3,715,000 3,974,000 259,000 270,000
North Dakota 295,000 278,000 289,000 304,000 301,000 −3,000 6,000
Ohio 4,406,000 4,050,000 4,271,000 4,282,000 4,371,000 89,000 −35,000
Oklahoma 1,272,000 1,212,000 1,290,000 1,250,000 1,364,000 114,000 92,000
Oregon 1,500,000 1,409,000 1,472,000 1,534,000 1,519,000 −15,000 19,000
Pennsylvania 5,035,000 4,694,000 4,732,000 4,932,000 5,134,000 201,000 98,000
Rhode Island 407,000 393,000 412,000 439,000 448,000 8,000 41,000
South Carolina 1,812,000 1,705,000 1,735,000 1,728,000 1,761,000 34,000 −51,000
South Dakota 333,000 327,000 334,000 363,000 371,000 8,000 39,000
Tennessee 2,528,000 2,295,000 2,409,000 2,517,000 2,553,000 36,000 26,000
Texas 10,716,000 9,881,000 10,397,000 10,789,000 11,289,000 500,000 572,000
Utah 1,179,000 1,163,000 1,244,000 1,312,000 1,334,000 21,000 155,000
Vermont 244,000 218,000 214,000 235,000 254,000 19,000 10,000
Virginia 3,075,000 2,868,000 2,834,000 3,032,000 3,135,000 104,000 61,000
Washington 2,822,000 2,640,000 2,668,000 2,767,000 2,925,000 159,000 103,000
West Virginia 580,000 541,000 551,000 554,000 564,000 11,000 −16,000
Wisconsin 2,311,000 2,218,000 2,322,000 2,288,000 2,418,000 129,000 106,000
Wyoming 181,000 174,000 175,000 180,000 191,000 11,000 9,000
Sample size
Alabama 2,542 2,215 2,324 2,293 2,118
Alaska 1,236 1,156 1,096 1,041 1,087
Arizona 2,067 1,856 1,853 1,697 1,734
Arkansas 2,209 1,876 1,907 1,790 1,769
California 11,239 9,105 9,491 9,364 9,031
Colorado 1,676 1,465 1,521 1,569 1,414
Connecticut 1,484 1,223 1,208 1,191 1,177
Delaware 1,392 1,210 1,253 1,233 1,148
District Of Columbia 1,974 1,745 1,730 1,666 1,487
Florida 5,664 4,788 5,311 5,289 5,079
Georgia 2,989 2,484 2,526 2,330 2,277
Hawaii 1,680 1,263 1,343 1,440 1,400
Idaho 2,211 1,978 2,026 1,958 1,843
Illinois 3,745 3,275 3,254 3,138 3,051
Indiana 2,313 1,998 2,013 1,951 1,831
Iowa 1,755 1,463 1,386 1,381 1,400
Kansas 1,649 1,567 1,514 1,334 1,362
Kentucky 1,442 1,258 1,298 1,181 1,020
Louisiana 2,677 2,296 2,307 2,252 2,152
Maine 1,032 881 850 781 805
Maryland 1,602 1,346 1,346 1,289 1,172
Massachusetts 3,099 2,605 2,711 2,704 2,665
Michigan 3,149 2,680 2,617 2,589 2,613
Minnesota 1,921 1,652 1,596 1,660 1,587
Mississippi 2,000 1,804 1,809 1,708 1,548
Missouri 1,825 1,688 1,715 1,686 1,656
Montana 2,145 1,872 1,821 1,672 1,645
Nebraska 1,762 1,673 1,662 1,506 1,463
Nevada 1,815 1,460 1,523 1,478 1,454
New Hampshire 2,090 1,763 1,650 1,555 1,478
New Jersey 2,811 2,310 2,215 2,206 2,192
New Mexico 1,774 1,450 1,507 1,519 1,360
New York 5,273 4,285 3,997 4,047 3,898
North Carolina 2,923 2,454 2,734 2,606 2,761
North Dakota 2,124 1,966 2,011 1,845 1,590
Ohio 3,290 2,816 2,867 2,592 2,520
Oklahoma 1,738 1,569 1,533 1,375 1,452
Oregon 1,975 1,804 1,856 1,786 1,670
Pennsylvania 3,726 3,170 3,228 3,231 3,155
Rhode Island 1,249 1,093 1,067 1,003 987
South Carolina 2,035 1,738 1,778 1,675 1,690
South Dakota 1,559 1,434 1,390 1,381 1,344
Tennessee 2,586 2,123 2,101 2,003 1,841
Texas 7,541 6,226 6,620 6,470 6,355
Utah 2,236 2,018 2,132 2,060 1,925
Vermont 1,794 1,515 1,454 1,398 1,403
Virginia 2,342 2,033 1,985 1,949 1,899
Washington 2,536 2,221 2,126 2,018 2,097
West Virginia 2,427 1,964 1,847 1,828 1,806
Wisconsin 1,928 1,721 1,738 1,654 1,724
Wyoming 1,614 1,495 1,399 1,316 1,340
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2020. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.47, https://microdata.epi.org.