Table 5: Union membership and union coverage, 10-months ending October, 2019 to 2024
By state
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
Alabama	9.8%	8.7%	7.2%	8.4%	8.2%	8.5%	0.2	−1.3
Alaska	18.1%	18.3%	16.3%	17.8%	15.3%	19.7%	4.4	1.6
Arizona	6.5%	6.7%	6.5%	6.0%	4.2%	4.9%	0.7	−1.6
Arkansas	6.4%	6.5%	4.3%	5.2%	6.0%	4.8%	−1.2	−1.6
California	16.7%	17.8%	18.2%	17.8%	17.0%	16.2%	−0.8	−0.4
Colorado	10.6%	8.5%	7.6%	7.5%	7.9%	8.0%	0.1	−2.6
Connecticut	15.4%	18.8%	16.5%	16.1%	17.9%	17.7%	−0.2	2.3
Delaware	10.3%	10.6%	10.2%	8.8%	10.2%	9.2%	−1.0	−1.2
District Of Columbia	10.1%	9.5%	9.4%	10.5%	10.2%	12.3%	2.1	2.2
Florida	7.7%	8.0%	6.1%	5.8%	6.3%	6.1%	−0.2	−1.6
Georgia	5.2%	6.5%	5.5%	5.5%	5.4%	3.6%	−1.8	−1.5
Hawaii	24.9%	25.3%	24.0%	23.6%	25.4%	26.7%	1.3	1.8
Idaho	5.6%	6.6%	5.3%	5.6%	5.7%	5.7%	0.0	0.0
Illinois	14.2%	15.0%	15.3%	14.1%	13.5%	14.0%	0.5	−0.2
Indiana	10.2%	9.7%	10.5%	8.4%	9.0%	10.4%	1.4	0.2
Iowa	7.6%	9.1%	8.8%	8.7%	8.6%	8.3%	−0.3	0.8
Kansas	10.4%	11.2%	11.5%	12.1%	11.0%	7.9%	−3.2	−2.5
Kentucky	9.5%	9.9%	10.5%	10.2%	11.0%	11.6%	0.6	2.1
Louisiana	6.1%	6.9%	6.1%	5.1%	5.0%	4.9%	−0.1	−1.2
Maine	13.9%	16.7%	14.7%	11.7%	10.5%	15.9%	5.3	2.0
Maryland	13.2%	14.5%	12.3%	12.6%	12.4%	13.2%	0.8	0.0
Massachusetts	13.1%	12.4%	13.2%	13.8%	13.5%	15.2%	1.7	2.1
Michigan	15.0%	16.7%	14.9%	15.0%	13.5%	14.4%	0.9	−0.6
Minnesota	14.3%	17.7%	16.3%	14.5%	14.0%	14.5%	0.5	0.2
Mississippi	8.6%	8.5%	6.3%	7.6%	10.2%	8.4%	−1.7	−0.2
Missouri	12.7%	9.9%	9.8%	10.6%	10.3%	9.4%	−1.0	−3.4
Montana	12.2%	13.2%	13.4%	12.3%	12.5%	12.5%	0.0	0.3
Nebraska	9.9%	11.2%	8.2%	8.0%	9.5%	7.6%	−1.9	−2.3
Nevada	15.6%	15.8%	13.4%	12.8%	14.4%	12.9%	−1.5	−2.7
New Hampshire	11.4%	11.6%	12.1%	11.5%	10.9%	10.7%	−0.2	−0.7
New Jersey	17.3%	18.0%	17.8%	16.0%	17.2%	17.4%	0.2	0.1
New Mexico	9.1%	8.5%	9.0%	10.6%	9.1%	8.8%	−0.3	−0.3
New York	22.7%	23.8%	24.0%	21.9%	21.3%	22.1%	0.8	−0.6
North Carolina	3.3%	4.2%	3.3%	4.1%	3.5%	3.1%	−0.4	−0.2
North Dakota	7.3%	7.2%	7.0%	7.6%	7.6%	6.4%	−1.2	−0.9
Ohio	13.1%	14.6%	13.2%	13.8%	13.2%	13.3%	0.1	0.2
Oklahoma	8.0%	7.6%	6.6%	7.3%	7.8%	6.4%	−1.4	−1.6
Oregon	15.8%	17.6%	19.1%	17.4%	15.2%	17.9%	2.6	2.1
Pennsylvania	13.0%	14.6%	13.8%	13.5%	14.7%	12.8%	−2.0	−0.3
Rhode Island	19.1%	18.7%	17.9%	18.7%	14.3%	16.6%	2.3	−2.5
South Carolina	2.8%	3.9%	1.7%	2.0%	3.2%	4.2%	1.0	1.4
South Dakota	6.9%	5.1%	4.9%	4.4%	4.2%	3.8%	−0.4	−3.2
Tennessee	5.5%	4.8%	6.0%	6.2%	6.3%	5.8%	−0.6	0.3
Texas	5.3%	5.9%	4.6%	5.1%	5.6%	5.4%	−0.2	0.1
Utah	6.2%	5.3%	5.9%	8.2%	8.7%	7.7%	−1.0	1.4
Vermont	11.5%	13.7%	14.4%	13.0%	15.1%	16.3%	1.2	4.8
Virginia	5.1%	5.3%	6.5%	4.3%	5.9%	6.0%	0.1	0.9
Washington	20.3%	18.5%	19.6%	19.5%	18.3%	17.9%	−0.4	−2.4
West Virginia	11.3%	10.8%	10.2%	9.9%	9.6%	9.7%	0.1	−1.6
Wisconsin	8.6%	10.5%	9.0%	8.5%	8.3%	7.1%	−1.2	−1.5
Wyoming	8.4%	9.4%	6.7%	7.3%	6.9%	7.2%	0.3	−1.3
Membership (%)
Alabama	8.4%	8.1%	6.2%	7.2%	7.2%	7.3%	0.1	−1.1
Alaska	16.5%	16.7%	15.0%	16.3%	14.9%	17.6%	2.7	1.1
Arizona	5.1%	4.8%	5.2%	5.3%	3.6%	3.9%	0.3	−1.2
Arkansas	5.7%	5.2%	3.8%	4.3%	5.2%	4.0%	−1.3	−1.8
California	15.4%	16.4%	16.2%	16.3%	15.6%	14.4%	−1.1	−1.0
Colorado	9.9%	7.7%	6.6%	6.6%	6.3%	7.7%	1.3	−2.3
Connecticut	14.2%	17.5%	15.4%	14.9%	16.6%	16.1%	−0.5	2.0
Delaware	9.0%	10.0%	9.7%	8.0%	8.7%	8.8%	0.1	−0.2
District Of Columbia	9.1%	8.7%	8.5%	9.2%	8.6%	11.0%	2.4	1.9
Florida	6.3%	6.4%	5.1%	4.7%	4.7%	5.0%	0.2	−1.3
Georgia	4.3%	4.6%	4.5%	4.4%	4.6%	3.1%	−1.5	−1.2
Hawaii	23.0%	23.3%	22.3%	22.2%	24.1%	26.1%	2.0	3.1
Idaho	4.6%	5.7%	4.5%	4.5%	4.6%	4.9%	0.3	0.3
Illinois	13.2%	14.1%	14.1%	13.1%	12.8%	12.8%	0.0	−0.4
Indiana	8.5%	8.4%	9.4%	7.1%	8.0%	9.0%	1.0	0.5
Iowa	6.1%	6.8%	7.2%	7.1%	7.0%	6.5%	−0.5	0.4
Kansas	9.1%	9.1%	9.7%	9.9%	9.2%	6.0%	−3.2	−3.2
Kentucky	8.0%	7.9%	7.8%	8.1%	8.6%	9.2%	0.6	1.2
Louisiana	5.3%	6.1%	4.9%	4.1%	4.1%	3.9%	−0.3	−1.5
Maine	12.4%	14.6%	12.3%	9.5%	9.3%	13.6%	4.3	1.2
Maryland	11.6%	13.2%	10.9%	11.1%	10.5%	11.0%	0.5	−0.6
Massachusetts	11.9%	11.6%	12.3%	12.8%	12.5%	14.0%	1.6	2.1
Michigan	13.7%	15.2%	12.9%	13.6%	12.2%	13.0%	0.9	−0.6
Minnesota	13.7%	16.5%	15.1%	13.4%	13.3%	14.0%	0.6	0.3
Mississippi	6.3%	7.3%	5.1%	5.9%	7.5%	5.8%	−1.6	−0.4
Missouri	11.4%	9.2%	8.4%	9.6%	9.3%	8.6%	−0.7	−2.8
Montana	10.7%	12.3%	11.8%	11.1%	11.5%	11.4%	−0.1	0.7
Nebraska	8.6%	10.2%	7.1%	6.4%	7.5%	6.3%	−1.2	−2.3
Nevada	14.1%	13.6%	11.5%	11.6%	11.9%	11.8%	−0.1	−2.4
New Hampshire	10.0%	10.3%	10.6%	10.2%	9.4%	9.4%	−0.1	−0.7
New Jersey	15.6%	16.2%	16.4%	14.9%	16.1%	16.2%	0.1	0.5
New Mexico	7.4%	7.0%	7.3%	8.9%	7.6%	7.5%	−0.1	0.1
New York	21.0%	22.0%	22.3%	20.4%	20.4%	20.8%	0.4	−0.2
North Carolina	2.3%	3.3%	2.4%	3.0%	3.0%	2.3%	−0.7	0.0
North Dakota	5.7%	6.1%	5.5%	6.5%	6.1%	5.2%	−0.9	−0.5
Ohio	11.8%	13.5%	12.2%	12.6%	12.5%	12.2%	−0.3	0.4
Oklahoma	6.3%	5.9%	5.6%	5.8%	6.9%	5.4%	−1.5	−0.9
Oregon	14.4%	16.5%	18.1%	16.0%	14.4%	16.6%	2.2	2.3
Pennsylvania	12.0%	13.7%	13.0%	12.6%	13.4%	11.9%	−1.5	0.0
Rhode Island	17.5%	17.8%	15.9%	17.1%	13.5%	15.7%	2.3	−1.7
South Carolina	2.2%	2.9%	1.5%	1.8%	2.4%	2.9%	0.5	0.7
South Dakota	5.9%	3.8%	3.8%	3.2%	3.7%	2.6%	−1.1	−3.3
Tennessee	4.6%	4.2%	5.1%	5.4%	5.4%	4.9%	−0.4	0.3
Texas	4.1%	4.8%	3.8%	4.1%	4.7%	4.6%	−0.1	0.5
Utah	4.7%	3.7%	3.1%	4.0%	4.0%	3.5%	−0.5	−1.2
Vermont	10.7%	11.4%	12.6%	12.0%	13.9%	14.7%	0.8	4.0
Virginia	4.1%	4.5%	4.7%	3.6%	4.7%	5.4%	0.8	1.3
Washington	19.1%	17.5%	18.8%	18.4%	16.9%	16.6%	−0.3	−2.5
West Virginia	10.3%	10.3%	9.2%	9.1%	8.4%	8.5%	0.0	−1.8
Wisconsin	7.6%	9.1%	8.0%	7.5%	7.3%	6.5%	−0.8	−1.1
Wyoming	7.1%	7.7%	5.4%	5.6%	5.8%	6.0%	0.2	−1.1
Coverage
Alabama	201,000	164,000	139,000	174,000	173,000	178,000	5,000	−23,000
Alaska	51,000	51,000	47,000	52,000	47,000	59,000	13,000	9,000
Arizona	197,000	196,000	200,000	180,000	131,000	158,000	27,000	−40,000
Arkansas	77,000	76,000	49,000	62,000	73,000	61,000	−12,000	−16,000
California	2,724,000	2,657,000	2,813,000	2,893,000	2,789,000	2,662,000	−127,000	−62,000
Colorado	276,000	208,000	192,000	201,000	216,000	216,000	−1,000	−60,000
Connecticut	257,000	288,000	247,000	267,000	285,000	287,000	2,000	30,000
Delaware	45,000	44,000	44,000	39,000	44,000	39,000	−5,000	−6,000
District Of Columbia	36,000	33,000	33,000	35,000	35,000	44,000	10,000	8,000
Florida	676,000	647,000	526,000	528,000	591,000	551,000	−40,000	−125,000
Georgia	227,000	271,000	244,000	251,000	250,000	167,000	−82,000	−60,000
Hawaii	141,000	127,000	129,000	135,000	147,000	149,000	2,000	8,000
Idaho	43,000	48,000	41,000	46,000	46,000	48,000	2,000	5,000
Illinois	806,000	775,000	814,000	795,000	746,000	779,000	33,000	−28,000
Indiana	307,000	274,000	297,000	251,000	277,000	310,000	33,000	3,000
Iowa	118,000	126,000	125,000	131,000	129,000	118,000	−10,000	1,000
Kansas	133,000	143,000	149,000	158,000	148,000	103,000	−45,000	−30,000
Kentucky	169,000	166,000	183,000	184,000	187,000	200,000	14,000	32,000
Louisiana	110,000	117,000	103,000	92,000	89,000	86,000	−2,000	−23,000
Maine	82,000	94,000	84,000	62,000	60,000	94,000	34,000	12,000
Maryland	381,000	390,000	334,000	359,000	350,000	376,000	26,000	−5,000
Massachusetts	441,000	370,000	418,000	448,000	442,000	521,000	79,000	80,000
Michigan	651,000	662,000	600,000	634,000	592,000	626,000	34,000	−25,000
Minnesota	383,000	448,000	426,000	392,000	371,000	383,000	12,000	−1,000
Mississippi	96,000	88,000	68,000	84,000	111,000	94,000	−16,000	−1,000
Missouri	338,000	248,000	256,000	280,000	284,000	254,000	−30,000	−84,000
Montana	54,000	56,000	58,000	57,000	59,000	60,000	0	6,000
Nebraska	89,000	100,000	72,000	74,000	89,000	69,000	−20,000	−19,000
Nevada	210,000	187,000	166,000	164,000	195,000	177,000	−18,000	−33,000
New Hampshire	77,000	72,000	78,000	79,000	72,000	72,000	0	−5,000
New Jersey	708,000	671,000	670,000	669,000	731,000	742,000	12,000	34,000
New Mexico	74,000	63,000	69,000	86,000	73,000	72,000	−1,000	−1,000
New York	1,872,000	1,803,000	1,865,000	1,785,000	1,770,000	1,821,000	51,000	−51,000
North Carolina	147,000	175,000	137,000	180,000	162,000	141,000	−21,000	−6,000
North Dakota	26,000	24,000	25,000	28,000	27,000	23,000	−4,000	−3,000
Ohio	673,000	698,000	657,000	687,000	679,000	688,000	9,000	15,000
Oklahoma	125,000	113,000	102,000	115,000	133,000	109,000	−24,000	−16,000
Oregon	282,000	297,000	336,000	316,000	272,000	329,000	57,000	47,000
Pennsylvania	732,000	770,000	741,000	760,000	845,000	728,000	−117,000	−4,000
Rhode Island	90,000	85,000	85,000	95,000	71,000	82,000	11,000	−7,000
South Carolina	59,000	78,000	37,000	42,000	68,000	90,000	23,000	31,000
South Dakota	27,000	19,000	19,000	18,000	18,000	16,000	−2,000	−11,000
Tennessee	162,000	127,000	168,000	183,000	189,000	169,000	−20,000	8,000
Texas	655,000	686,000	548,000	640,000	732,000	718,000	−14,000	63,000
Utah	87,000	74,000	87,000	125,000	140,000	120,000	−20,000	32,000
Vermont	33,000	36,000	38,000	37,000	46,000	49,000	3,000	16,000
Virginia	198,000	195,000	238,000	169,000	237,000	239,000	1,000	41,000
Washington	682,000	595,000	646,000	668,000	640,000	610,000	−30,000	−72,000
West Virginia	79,000	71,000	70,000	68,000	67,000	69,000	2,000	−10,000
Wisconsin	234,000	268,000	242,000	227,000	230,000	201,000	−29,000	−34,000
Wyoming	20,000	22,000	15,000	17,000	18,000	18,000	0	−2,000
Membership
Alabama	173,000	152,000	121,000	149,000	151,000	153,000	2,000	−20,000
Alaska	46,000	46,000	43,000	48,000	46,000	53,000	7,000	7,000
Arizona	154,000	139,000	159,000	160,000	113,000	126,000	12,000	−28,000
Arkansas	69,000	61,000	44,000	52,000	64,000	50,000	−14,000	−19,000
California	2,514,000	2,454,000	2,502,000	2,652,000	2,551,000	2,367,000	−184,000	−147,000
Colorado	258,000	189,000	165,000	178,000	172,000	205,000	33,000	−52,000
Connecticut	236,000	267,000	231,000	247,000	265,000	261,000	−4,000	25,000
Delaware	39,000	42,000	42,000	35,000	38,000	38,000	0	−1,000
District Of Columbia	33,000	30,000	30,000	31,000	30,000	40,000	10,000	7,000
Florida	554,000	520,000	443,000	423,000	447,000	453,000	7,000	−101,000
Georgia	187,000	194,000	201,000	201,000	210,000	141,000	−70,000	−46,000
Hawaii	130,000	118,000	119,000	127,000	140,000	146,000	6,000	15,000
Idaho	35,000	42,000	34,000	37,000	37,000	41,000	5,000	6,000
Illinois	751,000	726,000	752,000	736,000	708,000	713,000	5,000	−38,000
Indiana	258,000	237,000	266,000	214,000	246,000	268,000	23,000	11,000
Iowa	95,000	94,000	102,000	107,000	105,000	92,000	−13,000	−3,000
Kansas	117,000	116,000	126,000	129,000	123,000	78,000	−45,000	−39,000
Kentucky	143,000	134,000	135,000	145,000	146,000	158,000	12,000	16,000
Louisiana	95,000	103,000	84,000	74,000	73,000	68,000	−5,000	−27,000
Maine	73,000	82,000	71,000	50,000	53,000	81,000	28,000	8,000
Maryland	335,000	355,000	297,000	316,000	297,000	315,000	18,000	−20,000
Massachusetts	402,000	344,000	389,000	415,000	407,000	481,000	74,000	79,000
Michigan	592,000	605,000	519,000	572,000	532,000	567,000	34,000	−26,000
Minnesota	366,000	418,000	395,000	362,000	353,000	369,000	16,000	3,000
Mississippi	69,000	76,000	54,000	65,000	81,000	65,000	−16,000	−4,000
Missouri	304,000	230,000	220,000	254,000	256,000	235,000	−21,000	−69,000
Montana	47,000	52,000	51,000	52,000	55,000	54,000	0	7,000
Nebraska	77,000	91,000	63,000	59,000	71,000	58,000	−13,000	−19,000
Nevada	191,000	161,000	143,000	148,000	161,000	161,000	0	−30,000
New Hampshire	68,000	64,000	68,000	70,000	62,000	63,000	1,000	−5,000
New Jersey	640,000	603,000	617,000	622,000	683,000	688,000	5,000	48,000
New Mexico	60,000	52,000	56,000	72,000	61,000	62,000	0	1,000
New York	1,729,000	1,668,000	1,728,000	1,666,000	1,695,000	1,718,000	23,000	−11,000
North Carolina	103,000	138,000	101,000	133,000	137,000	105,000	−31,000	3,000
North Dakota	20,000	21,000	19,000	24,000	22,000	19,000	−3,000	−1,000
Ohio	608,000	645,000	603,000	630,000	642,000	631,000	−11,000	23,000
Oklahoma	98,000	88,000	86,000	92,000	118,000	93,000	−25,000	−5,000
Oregon	257,000	278,000	320,000	290,000	257,000	306,000	49,000	49,000
Pennsylvania	671,000	722,000	700,000	710,000	768,000	682,000	−86,000	11,000
Rhode Island	82,000	81,000	75,000	87,000	68,000	78,000	11,000	−4,000
South Carolina	47,000	59,000	31,000	36,000	51,000	63,000	12,000	16,000
South Dakota	23,000	15,000	15,000	13,000	16,000	11,000	−4,000	−12,000
Tennessee	136,000	111,000	143,000	160,000	160,000	145,000	−15,000	9,000
Texas	505,000	557,000	456,000	514,000	617,000	615,000	−2,000	110,000
Utah	66,000	52,000	46,000	61,000	64,000	54,000	−10,000	−12,000
Vermont	31,000	30,000	33,000	34,000	43,000	44,000	2,000	13,000
Virginia	161,000	166,000	172,000	139,000	189,000	216,000	27,000	55,000
Washington	642,000	563,000	617,000	631,000	591,000	566,000	−25,000	−76,000
West Virginia	72,000	68,000	64,000	63,000	58,000	60,000	2,000	−12,000
Wisconsin	207,000	233,000	214,000	200,000	202,000	183,000	−19,000	−24,000
Wyoming	17,000	18,000	13,000	13,000	15,000	15,000	0	−2,000
Total employment
Alabama	2,051,000	1,878,000	1,933,000	2,070,000	2,104,000	2,102,000	−2,000	50,000
Alaska	281,000	277,000	287,000	295,000	306,000	301,000	−5,000	20,000
Arizona	3,044,000	2,902,000	3,059,000	3,006,000	3,153,000	3,236,000	83,000	193,000
Arkansas	1,199,000	1,164,000	1,154,000	1,191,000	1,219,000	1,262,000	43,000	63,000
California	16,358,000	14,937,000	15,489,000	16,232,000	16,397,000	16,428,000	31,000	70,000
Colorado	2,601,000	2,438,000	2,516,000	2,686,000	2,727,000	2,684,000	−43,000	83,000
Connecticut	1,664,000	1,528,000	1,503,000	1,660,000	1,594,000	1,617,000	23,000	−46,000
Delaware	434,000	420,000	431,000	440,000	431,000	427,000	−4,000	−7,000
District Of Columbia	360,000	344,000	353,000	333,000	342,000	362,000	21,000	2,000
Florida	8,824,000	8,133,000	8,604,000	9,058,000	9,416,000	9,087,000	−328,000	263,000
Georgia	4,396,000	4,173,000	4,432,000	4,538,000	4,597,000	4,613,000	16,000	217,000
Hawaii	566,000	504,000	536,000	571,000	580,000	558,000	−22,000	−8,000
Idaho	761,000	728,000	758,000	824,000	805,000	841,000	37,000	80,000
Illinois	5,680,000	5,156,000	5,329,000	5,640,000	5,526,000	5,570,000	44,000	−110,000
Indiana	3,014,000	2,830,000	2,825,000	3,006,000	3,074,000	2,978,000	−96,000	−36,000
Iowa	1,557,000	1,393,000	1,420,000	1,505,000	1,492,000	1,421,000	−70,000	−135,000
Kansas	1,281,000	1,273,000	1,296,000	1,306,000	1,345,000	1,312,000	−32,000	31,000
Kentucky	1,780,000	1,690,000	1,744,000	1,800,000	1,701,000	1,724,000	23,000	−56,000
Louisiana	1,790,000	1,689,000	1,696,000	1,781,000	1,771,000	1,755,000	−16,000	−34,000
Maine	590,000	564,000	571,000	529,000	569,000	593,000	23,000	2,000
Maryland	2,889,000	2,694,000	2,720,000	2,839,000	2,832,000	2,857,000	25,000	−32,000
Massachusetts	3,370,000	2,971,000	3,155,000	3,247,000	3,270,000	3,430,000	160,000	60,000
Michigan	4,336,000	3,972,000	4,027,000	4,218,000	4,375,000	4,351,000	−23,000	15,000
Minnesota	2,682,000	2,536,000	2,616,000	2,695,000	2,649,000	2,642,000	−7,000	−40,000
Mississippi	1,109,000	1,037,000	1,077,000	1,108,000	1,090,000	1,122,000	31,000	12,000
Missouri	2,658,000	2,512,000	2,611,000	2,654,000	2,745,000	2,716,000	−29,000	58,000
Montana	440,000	422,000	435,000	463,000	475,000	476,000	1,000	36,000
Nebraska	898,000	891,000	887,000	922,000	943,000	915,000	−27,000	17,000
Nevada	1,350,000	1,187,000	1,237,000	1,275,000	1,356,000	1,368,000	12,000	18,000
New Hampshire	676,000	625,000	643,000	686,000	660,000	674,000	14,000	−3,000
New Jersey	4,095,000	3,719,000	3,758,000	4,172,000	4,246,000	4,259,000	13,000	164,000
New Mexico	809,000	738,000	771,000	810,000	805,000	820,000	15,000	10,000
New York	8,243,000	7,566,000	7,758,000	8,161,000	8,311,000	8,255,000	−56,000	12,000
North Carolina	4,423,000	4,178,000	4,180,000	4,379,000	4,595,000	4,567,000	−28,000	144,000
North Dakota	355,000	339,000	350,000	367,000	359,000	366,000	6,000	11,000
Ohio	5,152,000	4,782,000	4,959,000	4,997,000	5,130,000	5,171,000	41,000	19,000
Oklahoma	1,562,000	1,493,000	1,540,000	1,575,000	1,699,000	1,708,000	8,000	146,000
Oregon	1,788,000	1,687,000	1,766,000	1,817,000	1,785,000	1,839,000	54,000	51,000
Pennsylvania	5,617,000	5,286,000	5,374,000	5,636,000	5,730,000	5,710,000	−20,000	93,000
Rhode Island	470,000	452,000	473,000	509,000	500,000	497,000	−4,000	27,000
South Carolina	2,134,000	2,020,000	2,101,000	2,075,000	2,141,000	2,180,000	39,000	46,000
South Dakota	394,000	382,000	396,000	413,000	425,000	430,000	5,000	36,000
Tennessee	2,964,000	2,662,000	2,808,000	2,950,000	2,993,000	2,940,000	−53,000	−24,000
Texas	12,341,000	11,550,000	11,938,000	12,438,000	13,076,000	13,337,000	260,000	996,000
Utah	1,395,000	1,399,000	1,469,000	1,522,000	1,609,000	1,562,000	−47,000	167,000
Vermont	291,000	265,000	263,000	283,000	305,000	300,000	−5,000	10,000
Virginia	3,887,000	3,708,000	3,661,000	3,887,000	4,042,000	3,966,000	−76,000	79,000
Washington	3,359,000	3,211,000	3,289,000	3,432,000	3,499,000	3,415,000	−85,000	56,000
West Virginia	701,000	659,000	690,000	693,000	693,000	709,000	16,000	8,000
Wisconsin	2,718,000	2,561,000	2,694,000	2,669,000	2,761,000	2,816,000	55,000	98,000
Wyoming	239,000	237,000	232,000	238,000	256,000	249,000	−8,000	9,000
Sample size
Alabama	2,544	2,198	2,344	2,299	2,155	1,950
Alaska	1,427	1,310	1,255	1,224	1,251	1,165
Arizona	2,000	1,772	1,776	1,611	1,679	1,627
Arkansas	2,207	1,873	1,891	1,794	1,810	1,857
California	10,973	9,031	9,337	9,242	8,903	8,951
Colorado	1,659	1,446	1,515	1,597	1,408	1,402
Connecticut	1,448	1,175	1,134	1,159	1,127	1,226
Delaware	1,372	1,158	1,243	1,233	1,123	1,128
District Of Columbia	2,235	2,064	2,046	1,953	1,697	1,870
Florida	5,443	4,585	5,063	5,000	4,818	4,545
Georgia	2,947	2,430	2,599	2,345	2,264	2,200
Hawaii	1,800	1,410	1,491	1,582	1,549	1,473
Idaho	2,171	1,943	2,034	1,989	1,858	1,938
Illinois	3,578	3,077	3,136	3,027	2,873	2,887
Indiana	2,191	1,887	1,926	1,863	1,712	1,697
Iowa	1,756	1,449	1,367	1,367	1,366	1,304
Kansas	1,718	1,583	1,536	1,366	1,379	1,377
Kentucky	1,380	1,242	1,320	1,183	1,008	980
Louisiana	2,760	2,314	2,343	2,297	2,191	2,022
Maine	1,027	960	896	786	782	738
Maryland	1,727	1,497	1,522	1,469	1,333	1,308
Massachusetts	2,915	2,449	2,608	2,582	2,515	2,622
Michigan	2,927	2,533	2,470	2,395	2,423	2,293
Minnesota	1,876	1,687	1,627	1,639	1,546	1,559
Mississippi	2,075	1,837	1,835	1,776	1,633	1,600
Missouri	1,769	1,620	1,709	1,644	1,611	1,552
Montana	2,185	1,964	1,896	1,763	1,731	1,789
Nebraska	1,768	1,659	1,615	1,461	1,435	1,424
Nevada	1,719	1,375	1,435	1,377	1,367	1,484
New Hampshire	2,014	1,731	1,651	1,534	1,386	1,388
New Jersey	2,817	2,289	2,162	2,145	2,087	2,095
New Mexico	1,991	1,622	1,704	1,706	1,537	1,471
New York	5,235	4,333	4,062	4,086	3,909	3,871
North Carolina	2,930	2,411	2,639	2,539	2,646	2,453
North Dakota	2,156	2,026	2,045	1,885	1,560	1,642
Ohio	3,246	2,739	2,768	2,557	2,477	2,695
Oklahoma	1,764	1,626	1,588	1,480	1,522	1,508
Oregon	1,959	1,798	1,902	1,792	1,654	1,637
Pennsylvania	3,460	3,002	3,062	3,093	2,950	2,883
Rhode Island	1,219	1,048	1,036	978	955	925
South Carolina	1,983	1,682	1,820	1,708	1,729	1,734
South Dakota	1,516	1,379	1,397	1,341	1,282	1,350
Tennessee	2,529	2,022	2,092	1,955	1,797	1,919
Texas	7,267	6,009	6,402	6,276	6,069	6,524
Utah	2,195	2,028	2,095	2,003	1,922	1,944
Vermont	1,788	1,539	1,488	1,400	1,388	1,496
Virginia	2,486	2,202	2,139	2,116	2,053	2,044
Washington	2,497	2,265	2,251	2,103	2,098	2,000
West Virginia	2,429	2,017	1,985	1,935	1,905	1,987
Wisconsin	1,884	1,667	1,710	1,621	1,624	1,679
Wyoming	1,801	1,696	1,546	1,516	1,490	1,447
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.58, https://microdata.epi.org.