Table 5: Union membership and union coverage, 12-months ending October, 2018 to 2023
By state
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Change
2023-2022 2023-2019
Coverage (%)
Alabama 9.9% 8.9% 7.4% 7.9% 8.2% 0.3 −1.7
Alaska 18.0% 18.9% 17.8% 18.4% 15.3% −3.0 −2.7
Arizona 7.1% 7.3% 6.9% 6.2% 4.6% −1.6 −2.5
Arkansas 6.3% 5.9% 4.0% 5.2% 6.3% 1.1 0.0
California 16.4% 17.4% 17.9% 17.5% 16.9% −0.6 0.5
Colorado 10.7% 8.1% 7.5% 7.4% 7.9% 0.5 −2.8
Connecticut 15.4% 18.8% 16.4% 15.9% 16.9% 1.0 1.4
Delaware 10.1% 10.1% 10.2% 9.0% 10.5% 1.5 0.4
District Of Columbia 10.2% 9.8% 9.4% 10.8% 10.2% −0.6 0.0
Florida 7.3% 7.8% 6.4% 5.9% 6.0% 0.1 −1.3
Georgia 5.4% 6.1% 5.7% 5.8% 5.3% −0.5 −0.1
Hawaii 24.5% 25.8% 24.6% 23.8% 24.8% 1.0 0.3
Idaho 6.0% 6.9% 5.4% 5.7% 6.0% 0.2 0.0
Illinois 14.5% 15.4% 15.4% 14.2% 13.6% −0.6 −1.0
Indiana 9.8% 9.4% 10.3% 8.4% 9.2% 0.8 −0.6
Iowa 7.7% 9.1% 8.9% 8.2% 8.6% 0.4 0.9
Kansas 9.9% 10.8% 11.5% 11.8% 11.3% −0.5 1.4
Kentucky 9.4% 9.7% 9.9% 9.5% 11.0% 1.4 1.5
Louisiana 6.0% 6.7% 6.0% 5.0% 5.1% 0.2 −0.9
Maine 13.7% 16.1% 14.9% 12.2% 10.5% −1.6 −3.1
Maryland 13.0% 13.7% 12.3% 12.6% 13.0% 0.4 0.0
Massachusetts 13.7% 12.7% 13.5% 14.0% 13.6% −0.5 −0.2
Michigan 14.8% 16.4% 15.2% 15.4% 14.0% −1.4 −0.8
Minnesota 14.6% 17.1% 15.8% 15.6% 14.9% −0.7 0.2
Mississippi 8.3% 8.3% 6.5% 7.9% 9.3% 1.4 1.0
Missouri 12.3% 10.1% 10.0% 10.8% 10.4% −0.5 −1.9
Montana 12.0% 12.8% 13.1% 11.9% 12.5% 0.7 0.5
Nebraska 9.6% 10.6% 8.0% 7.8% 9.3% 1.5 −0.4
Nevada 15.7% 16.3% 13.4% 13.5% 14.1% 0.6 −1.5
New Hampshire 11.6% 11.8% 11.5% 10.8% 10.6% −0.1 −1.0
New Jersey 17.1% 18.0% 17.5% 16.4% 17.0% 0.6 −0.2
New Mexico 9.1% 8.3% 9.0% 10.4% 9.4% −1.0 0.3
New York 22.8% 23.7% 23.8% 22.2% 21.6% −0.6 −1.3
North Carolina 3.3% 4.1% 3.2% 4.1% 3.4% −0.6 0.1
North Dakota 7.0% 7.4% 7.2% 7.5% 7.5% 0.1 0.5
Ohio 13.3% 14.4% 13.1% 13.5% 13.5% 0.1 0.2
Oklahoma 8.1% 7.6% 6.8% 7.4% 7.5% 0.1 −0.5
Oregon 15.7% 17.2% 18.4% 17.4% 15.1% −2.4 −0.6
Pennsylvania 12.8% 14.4% 14.0% 13.3% 14.7% 1.4 1.9
Rhode Island 19.5% 18.7% 18.3% 18.2% 14.0% −4.2 −5.5
South Carolina 2.6% 3.6% 2.0% 2.3% 2.9% 0.6 0.3
South Dakota 6.5% 5.1% 5.3% 4.6% 4.1% −0.5 −2.4
Tennessee 5.3% 4.9% 6.1% 6.1% 6.4% 0.3 1.0
Texas 5.2% 5.7% 4.9% 5.2% 5.5% 0.3 0.3
Utah 6.3% 5.1% 5.9% 8.4% 9.0% 0.6 2.8
Vermont 11.9% 13.8% 14.4% 13.1% 15.2% 2.1 3.2
Virginia 5.0% 5.3% 6.5% 4.7% 5.8% 1.1 0.8
Washington 20.1% 18.7% 19.5% 19.8% 18.1% −1.7 −2.0
West Virginia 10.8% 10.8% 10.7% 10.3% 9.8% −0.5 −1.0
Wisconsin 8.9% 10.7% 9.0% 8.9% 7.9% −1.0 −1.0
Wyoming 8.5% 9.5% 7.1% 7.4% 7.0% −0.4 −1.6
Membership (%)
Alabama 8.7% 8.2% 6.4% 6.7% 7.2% 0.4 −1.6
Alaska 16.5% 17.2% 16.1% 16.8% 14.9% −1.9 −1.5
Arizona 5.6% 5.5% 5.6% 5.5% 4.1% −1.4 −1.5
Arkansas 5.6% 4.7% 3.5% 4.3% 5.6% 1.3 0.0
California 15.2% 16.0% 16.0% 16.1% 15.5% −0.6 0.3
Colorado 10.1% 7.3% 6.4% 6.6% 6.4% −0.1 −3.7
Connecticut 14.3% 17.2% 15.4% 14.3% 15.6% 1.4 1.3
Delaware 8.8% 9.6% 9.6% 8.4% 9.1% 0.7 0.2
District Of Columbia 9.1% 9.0% 8.4% 9.6% 8.6% −0.9 −0.5
Florida 6.0% 6.3% 5.4% 4.8% 4.6% −0.2 −1.4
Georgia 4.4% 4.4% 4.6% 4.7% 4.6% −0.1 0.1
Hawaii 22.8% 23.6% 22.8% 22.3% 23.4% 1.1 0.6
Idaho 4.9% 5.8% 4.6% 4.7% 4.7% 0.0 −0.2
Illinois 13.7% 14.4% 14.3% 13.1% 12.9% −0.2 −0.8
Indiana 8.4% 8.1% 9.1% 7.1% 8.1% 1.0 −0.3
Iowa 6.2% 6.8% 6.9% 6.5% 6.9% 0.4 0.7
Kansas 8.6% 8.6% 9.4% 9.3% 9.2% −0.1 0.6
Kentucky 7.7% 8.0% 7.3% 7.4% 8.3% 0.9 0.6
Louisiana 5.1% 6.0% 4.9% 4.0% 4.2% 0.2 −1.0
Maine 12.0% 13.5% 12.7% 10.0% 9.1% −0.9 −3.0
Maryland 11.6% 12.6% 11.2% 11.1% 11.1% 0.0 −0.5
Massachusetts 12.7% 11.7% 12.6% 13.0% 12.5% −0.5 −0.2
Michigan 13.4% 15.0% 13.3% 13.9% 12.8% −1.1 −0.6
Minnesota 13.8% 16.0% 14.7% 14.5% 14.2% −0.3 0.4
Mississippi 5.8% 7.2% 5.3% 6.1% 6.9% 0.8 1.1
Missouri 11.1% 9.2% 8.8% 9.9% 9.3% −0.6 −1.7
Montana 10.5% 11.9% 11.6% 10.6% 11.5% 0.8 0.9
Nebraska 8.3% 9.6% 7.0% 6.2% 7.4% 1.2 −0.8
Nevada 14.0% 14.2% 11.7% 12.2% 11.6% −0.6 −2.4
New Hampshire 10.2% 10.5% 10.1% 9.7% 9.5% −0.3 −0.7
New Jersey 15.7% 16.1% 16.2% 14.9% 15.9% 0.9 0.2
New Mexico 7.4% 6.7% 7.4% 8.9% 7.7% −1.1 0.4
New York 21.0% 21.9% 22.2% 20.7% 20.6% −0.1 −0.4
North Carolina 2.3% 3.1% 2.4% 3.1% 2.8% −0.3 0.5
North Dakota 5.6% 6.3% 5.7% 6.2% 6.1% −0.2 0.5
Ohio 12.1% 13.3% 12.1% 12.4% 12.7% 0.4 0.7
Oklahoma 6.3% 5.9% 5.7% 5.8% 6.5% 0.7 0.2
Oregon 14.3% 16.1% 17.6% 16.1% 14.2% −1.9 −0.1
Pennsylvania 11.9% 13.4% 13.0% 12.5% 13.4% 0.9 1.5
Rhode Island 18.0% 17.7% 16.2% 16.8% 13.2% −3.6 −4.8
South Carolina 2.0% 2.8% 1.7% 1.9% 2.2% 0.3 0.2
South Dakota 5.4% 3.8% 4.3% 3.5% 3.6% 0.1 −1.8
Tennessee 4.5% 4.2% 5.1% 5.4% 5.5% 0.1 1.0
Texas 4.0% 4.6% 4.0% 4.0% 4.6% 0.6 0.6
Utah 4.9% 3.6% 3.1% 4.2% 3.9% −0.3 −1.1
Vermont 11.0% 11.9% 12.8% 11.8% 13.7% 1.9 2.7
Virginia 4.0% 4.3% 4.6% 3.8% 4.7% 0.9 0.6
Washington 18.9% 17.5% 18.4% 18.7% 16.7% −1.9 −2.2
West Virginia 9.9% 10.1% 9.7% 9.5% 8.7% −0.8 −1.2
Wisconsin 7.9% 9.3% 7.8% 7.5% 6.9% −0.6 −1.0
Wyoming 7.0% 7.8% 5.7% 5.8% 5.8% 0.0 −1.3
Coverage
Alabama 203,000 169,000 143,000 163,000 171,000 9,000 −32,000
Alaska 51,000 53,000 51,000 55,000 47,000 −8,000 −4,000
Arizona 217,000 213,000 210,000 192,000 147,000 −45,000 −70,000
Arkansas 75,000 70,000 46,000 62,000 77,000 15,000 2,000
California 2,691,000 2,665,000 2,782,000 2,824,000 2,770,000 −54,000 79,000
Colorado 275,000 203,000 189,000 198,000 214,000 16,000 −61,000
Connecticut 258,000 294,000 246,000 263,000 270,000 7,000 12,000
Delaware 44,000 43,000 44,000 40,000 46,000 6,000 2,000
District Of Columbia 37,000 34,000 33,000 36,000 35,000 −2,000 −2,000
Florida 644,000 642,000 545,000 531,000 565,000 34,000 −80,000
Georgia 237,000 259,000 249,000 261,000 243,000 −18,000 6,000
Hawaii 139,000 135,000 131,000 135,000 144,000 8,000 5,000
Idaho 46,000 51,000 41,000 47,000 48,000 1,000 3,000
Illinois 823,000 807,000 817,000 802,000 749,000 −53,000 −74,000
Indiana 295,000 267,000 291,000 251,000 282,000 31,000 −13,000
Iowa 119,000 129,000 126,000 123,000 129,000 6,000 11,000
Kansas 128,000 137,000 149,000 155,000 153,000 −2,000 25,000
Kentucky 169,000 167,000 172,000 170,000 187,000 17,000 18,000
Louisiana 106,000 114,000 101,000 89,000 92,000 3,000 −15,000
Maine 81,000 91,000 84,000 64,000 59,000 −5,000 −21,000
Maryland 371,000 378,000 335,000 352,000 365,000 13,000 −6,000
Massachusetts 466,000 390,000 424,000 458,000 442,000 −16,000 −24,000
Michigan 644,000 660,000 610,000 647,000 609,000 −38,000 −35,000
Minnesota 394,000 434,000 409,000 418,000 396,000 −22,000 1,000
Mississippi 92,000 87,000 69,000 88,000 101,000 13,000 10,000
Missouri 329,000 257,000 260,000 287,000 286,000 −2,000 −43,000
Montana 53,000 54,000 56,000 55,000 60,000 5,000 7,000
Nebraska 87,000 95,000 71,000 72,000 87,000 15,000 0
Nevada 213,000 202,000 168,000 174,000 191,000 17,000 −23,000
New Hampshire 79,000 75,000 74,000 73,000 71,000 −2,000 −8,000
New Jersey 694,000 680,000 658,000 673,000 716,000 43,000 22,000
New Mexico 74,000 63,000 69,000 83,000 75,000 −8,000 2,000
New York 1,901,000 1,820,000 1,837,000 1,801,000 1,782,000 −20,000 −120,000
North Carolina 147,000 173,000 130,000 178,000 157,000 −21,000 10,000
North Dakota 25,000 25,000 25,000 27,000 27,000 0 2,000
Ohio 685,000 693,000 650,000 673,000 690,000 17,000 5,000
Oklahoma 125,000 114,000 105,000 117,000 127,000 11,000 2,000
Oregon 277,000 290,000 324,000 319,000 269,000 −49,000 −8,000
Pennsylvania 723,000 772,000 752,000 746,000 838,000 92,000 115,000
Rhode Island 92,000 86,000 87,000 92,000 70,000 −22,000 −22,000
South Carolina 56,000 74,000 42,000 47,000 61,000 14,000 5,000
South Dakota 25,000 20,000 21,000 19,000 17,000 −2,000 −8,000
Tennessee 157,000 133,000 170,000 178,000 189,000 11,000 32,000
Texas 645,000 667,000 581,000 647,000 719,000 72,000 74,000
Utah 87,000 72,000 87,000 127,000 146,000 18,000 59,000
Vermont 34,000 37,000 38,000 37,000 46,000 9,000 11,000
Virginia 191,000 199,000 236,000 182,000 233,000 51,000 41,000
Washington 673,000 612,000 639,000 678,000 628,000 −50,000 −45,000
West Virginia 76,000 72,000 74,000 71,000 67,000 −4,000 −8,000
Wisconsin 240,000 273,000 243,000 238,000 214,000 −24,000 −26,000
Wyoming 20,000 23,000 17,000 18,000 18,000 0 −2,000
Membership
Alabama 179,000 156,000 125,000 138,000 150,000 11,000 −29,000
Alaska 47,000 48,000 47,000 50,000 46,000 −4,000 −1,000
Arizona 171,000 161,000 171,000 168,000 130,000 −39,000 −41,000
Arkansas 67,000 55,000 40,000 52,000 69,000 17,000 2,000
California 2,480,000 2,449,000 2,479,000 2,594,000 2,533,000 −61,000 53,000
Colorado 260,000 181,000 163,000 176,000 173,000 −2,000 −86,000
Connecticut 239,000 270,000 231,000 236,000 250,000 15,000 11,000
Delaware 38,000 40,000 42,000 37,000 39,000 2,000 1,000
District Of Columbia 33,000 31,000 29,000 32,000 29,000 −3,000 −3,000
Florida 529,000 522,000 461,000 432,000 434,000 1,000 −96,000
Georgia 194,000 186,000 200,000 210,000 208,000 −2,000 14,000
Hawaii 129,000 124,000 121,000 127,000 135,000 8,000 6,000
Idaho 38,000 43,000 35,000 38,000 38,000 0 0
Illinois 772,000 751,000 758,000 739,000 711,000 −28,000 −61,000
Indiana 252,000 231,000 258,000 213,000 250,000 37,000 −2,000
Iowa 96,000 96,000 99,000 97,000 103,000 6,000 7,000
Kansas 111,000 110,000 122,000 122,000 124,000 2,000 13,000
Kentucky 138,000 136,000 127,000 133,000 141,000 9,000 4,000
Louisiana 91,000 101,000 83,000 72,000 75,000 3,000 −16,000
Maine 71,000 77,000 72,000 53,000 51,000 −2,000 −20,000
Maryland 331,000 345,000 304,000 310,000 312,000 2,000 −20,000
Massachusetts 430,000 359,000 395,000 423,000 406,000 −18,000 −24,000
Michigan 583,000 602,000 533,000 583,000 556,000 −27,000 −27,000
Minnesota 373,000 407,000 380,000 389,000 377,000 −11,000 5,000
Mississippi 64,000 75,000 56,000 68,000 76,000 8,000 11,000
Missouri 297,000 235,000 229,000 263,000 258,000 −5,000 −39,000
Montana 46,000 50,000 50,000 49,000 55,000 6,000 9,000
Nebraska 75,000 86,000 62,000 58,000 70,000 12,000 −5,000
Nevada 191,000 176,000 146,000 156,000 157,000 1,000 −34,000
New Hampshire 69,000 66,000 65,000 66,000 63,000 −3,000 −6,000
New Jersey 634,000 611,000 611,000 613,000 669,000 56,000 35,000
New Mexico 60,000 51,000 57,000 71,000 62,000 −9,000 2,000
New York 1,751,000 1,682,000 1,713,000 1,676,000 1,702,000 26,000 −49,000
North Carolina 100,000 132,000 99,000 134,000 128,000 −7,000 27,000
North Dakota 20,000 22,000 20,000 23,000 22,000 −1,000 2,000
Ohio 621,000 641,000 599,000 618,000 649,000 31,000 28,000
Oklahoma 97,000 88,000 88,000 91,000 110,000 19,000 13,000
Oregon 253,000 272,000 309,000 294,000 254,000 −40,000 0
Pennsylvania 670,000 719,000 701,000 700,000 764,000 64,000 94,000
Rhode Island 85,000 81,000 77,000 85,000 66,000 −19,000 −19,000
South Carolina 43,000 57,000 36,000 39,000 47,000 8,000 5,000
South Dakota 21,000 15,000 17,000 14,000 15,000 1,000 −6,000
Tennessee 132,000 113,000 143,000 159,000 162,000 4,000 30,000
Texas 497,000 540,000 482,000 501,000 603,000 102,000 106,000
Utah 68,000 50,000 46,000 63,000 62,000 −1,000 −6,000
Vermont 32,000 32,000 34,000 33,000 41,000 8,000 10,000
Virginia 156,000 161,000 169,000 147,000 189,000 41,000 33,000
Washington 632,000 572,000 602,000 639,000 580,000 −60,000 −53,000
West Virginia 70,000 68,000 67,000 66,000 60,000 −7,000 −10,000
Wisconsin 215,000 240,000 211,000 202,000 189,000 −14,000 −27,000
Wyoming 17,000 19,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 1,000 −2,000
Total employment
Alabama 2,044,000 1,897,000 1,940,000 2,052,000 2,090,000 38,000 46,000
Alaska 284,000 279,000 289,000 299,000 308,000 9,000 24,000
Arizona 3,043,000 2,910,000 3,039,000 3,076,000 3,179,000 103,000 136,000
Arkansas 1,192,000 1,172,000 1,149,000 1,199,000 1,225,000 27,000 34,000
California 16,367,000 15,320,000 15,523,000 16,121,000 16,383,000 262,000 16,000
Colorado 2,571,000 2,498,000 2,536,000 2,677,000 2,701,000 24,000 130,000
Connecticut 1,675,000 1,568,000 1,503,000 1,653,000 1,604,000 −49,000 −71,000
Delaware 434,000 420,000 434,000 443,000 434,000 −8,000 1,000
District Of Columbia 358,000 347,000 351,000 333,000 338,000 5,000 −20,000
Florida 8,817,000 8,253,000 8,543,000 9,046,000 9,403,000 357,000 585,000
Georgia 4,402,000 4,230,000 4,390,000 4,493,000 4,576,000 83,000 174,000
Hawaii 566,000 524,000 533,000 570,000 579,000 9,000 13,000
Idaho 765,000 736,000 756,000 820,000 808,000 −12,000 43,000
Illinois 5,657,000 5,224,000 5,320,000 5,656,000 5,517,000 −139,000 −139,000
Indiana 3,011,000 2,855,000 2,833,000 2,994,000 3,083,000 89,000 72,000
Iowa 1,541,000 1,408,000 1,421,000 1,497,000 1,496,000 −1,000 −45,000
Kansas 1,290,000 1,274,000 1,301,000 1,309,000 1,354,000 45,000 64,000
Kentucky 1,793,000 1,711,000 1,736,000 1,785,000 1,704,000 −80,000 −89,000
Louisiana 1,777,000 1,696,000 1,687,000 1,793,000 1,789,000 −4,000 12,000
Maine 589,000 567,000 563,000 528,000 561,000 33,000 −28,000
Maryland 2,861,000 2,748,000 2,716,000 2,788,000 2,811,000 23,000 −50,000
Massachusetts 3,395,000 3,060,000 3,141,000 3,259,000 3,259,000 −1,000 −136,000
Michigan 4,343,000 4,021,000 4,024,000 4,209,000 4,347,000 138,000 4,000
Minnesota 2,692,000 2,540,000 2,586,000 2,677,000 2,657,000 −20,000 −35,000
Mississippi 1,105,000 1,044,000 1,067,000 1,106,000 1,088,000 −18,000 −17,000
Missouri 2,678,000 2,541,000 2,608,000 2,651,000 2,758,000 107,000 79,000
Montana 438,000 422,000 430,000 461,000 477,000 16,000 39,000
Nebraska 904,000 889,000 886,000 928,000 940,000 12,000 36,000
Nevada 1,361,000 1,243,000 1,252,000 1,281,000 1,351,000 70,000 −10,000
New Hampshire 677,000 634,000 644,000 679,000 666,000 −13,000 −11,000
New Jersey 4,051,000 3,782,000 3,759,000 4,106,000 4,220,000 114,000 169,000
New Mexico 814,000 753,000 769,000 802,000 803,000 1,000 −10,000
New York 8,323,000 7,694,000 7,714,000 8,105,000 8,252,000 147,000 −71,000
North Carolina 4,422,000 4,194,000 4,134,000 4,398,000 4,583,000 184,000 161,000
North Dakota 353,000 342,000 348,000 364,000 359,000 −5,000 6,000
Ohio 5,146,000 4,817,000 4,961,000 5,002,000 5,100,000 98,000 −46,000
Oklahoma 1,554,000 1,498,000 1,539,000 1,578,000 1,690,000 112,000 136,000
Oregon 1,767,000 1,688,000 1,757,000 1,826,000 1,787,000 −39,000 19,000
Pennsylvania 5,645,000 5,367,000 5,389,000 5,604,000 5,708,000 104,000 64,000
Rhode Island 472,000 459,000 474,000 504,000 498,000 −5,000 26,000
South Carolina 2,122,000 2,044,000 2,107,000 2,050,000 2,109,000 58,000 −13,000
South Dakota 394,000 385,000 397,000 408,000 422,000 14,000 29,000
Tennessee 2,951,000 2,696,000 2,800,000 2,932,000 2,970,000 38,000 19,000
Texas 12,293,000 11,678,000 11,938,000 12,473,000 13,041,000 568,000 748,000
Utah 1,381,000 1,410,000 1,462,000 1,512,000 1,611,000 99,000 230,000
Vermont 288,000 268,000 264,000 279,000 301,000 22,000 13,000
Virginia 3,856,000 3,733,000 3,664,000 3,875,000 4,038,000 164,000 183,000
Washington 3,346,000 3,270,000 3,270,000 3,425,000 3,468,000 43,000 122,000
West Virginia 703,000 670,000 693,000 697,000 687,000 −10,000 −16,000
Wisconsin 2,707,000 2,567,000 2,707,000 2,685,000 2,723,000 39,000 16,000
Wyoming 239,000 240,000 235,000 240,000 258,000 18,000 19,000
Sample size
Alabama 3,074 2,696 2,813 2,742 2,587
Alaska 1,721 1,594 1,523 1,490 1,487
Arizona 2,444 2,178 2,172 1,981 2,030
Arkansas 2,639 2,322 2,263 2,158 2,180
California 13,200 11,231 11,145 11,048 10,765
Colorado 1,992 1,801 1,835 1,923 1,705
Connecticut 1,725 1,448 1,370 1,404 1,359
Delaware 1,645 1,425 1,533 1,481 1,350
District Of Columbia 2,762 2,514 2,449 2,308 2,061
Florida 6,593 5,712 6,043 5,994 5,829
Georgia 3,534 3,014 3,120 2,761 2,665
Hawaii 2,186 1,791 1,789 1,870 1,822
Idaho 2,592 2,342 2,434 2,331 2,204
Illinois 4,375 3,819 3,804 3,664 3,451
Indiana 2,636 2,316 2,312 2,259 2,069
Iowa 2,099 1,781 1,677 1,643 1,599
Kansas 2,053 1,898 1,854 1,683 1,676
Kentucky 1,710 1,545 1,598 1,400 1,225
Louisiana 3,302 2,822 2,839 2,776 2,639
Maine 1,233 1,159 1,049 912 919
Maryland 2,088 1,861 1,830 1,721 1,598
Massachusetts 3,599 3,069 3,113 3,074 3,019
Michigan 3,565 3,141 2,992 2,891 2,904
Minnesota 2,286 2,041 1,905 1,901 1,842
Mississippi 2,507 2,223 2,201 2,139 1,956
Missouri 2,164 2,006 2,060 1,943 1,942
Montana 2,619 2,406 2,273 2,124 2,069
Nebraska 2,143 2,009 1,963 1,793 1,731
Nevada 2,088 1,772 1,779 1,690 1,674
New Hampshire 2,424 2,129 1,981 1,799 1,691
New Jersey 3,334 2,800 2,612 2,565 2,485
New Mexico 2,424 2,033 2,075 2,034 1,833
New York 6,329 5,377 4,903 4,871 4,635
North Carolina 3,532 2,958 3,101 3,075 3,207
North Dakota 2,566 2,440 2,431 2,277 1,899
Ohio 3,893 3,344 3,392 3,146 2,948
Oklahoma 2,118 1,998 1,915 1,755 1,800
Oregon 2,291 2,182 2,278 2,140 1,984
Pennsylvania 4,212 3,726 3,657 3,715 3,554
Rhode Island 1,495 1,296 1,257 1,177 1,136
South Carolina 2,391 2,109 2,229 2,017 2,024
South Dakota 1,853 1,714 1,705 1,583 1,516
Tennessee 3,050 2,529 2,547 2,329 2,187
Texas 8,779 7,479 7,752 7,577 7,313
Utah 2,603 2,516 2,514 2,431 2,342
Vermont 2,143 1,895 1,796 1,711 1,685
Virginia 3,006 2,694 2,581 2,565 2,468
Washington 3,008 2,822 2,686 2,494 2,485
West Virginia 2,980 2,549 2,406 2,297 2,261
Wisconsin 2,258 2,037 2,055 1,940 1,928
Wyoming 2,171 2,060 1,914 1,854 1,771
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2020. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.45, https://microdata.epi.org.