Table 3: Union membership and union coverage, 10-months ending October, 2019 to 2024
State and local government
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
State and local government	38.7%	40.5%	39.6%	39.3%	38.0%	36.9%	−1.1	−1.8
Education	43.2%	45.3%	45.0%	44.6%	42.9%	41.1%	−1.8	−2.1
K-12, Teachers	59.3%	62.0%	61.3%	59.7%	58.3%	55.6%	−2.8	−3.7
K-12, Non-teachers	37.0%	38.6%	38.0%	38.6%	37.3%	36.9%	−0.4	−0.1
Not K-12	20.9%	23.0%	23.9%	23.5%	20.8%	20.6%	−0.3	−0.3
Non-education	33.9%	35.6%	34.1%	34.0%	33.1%	32.6%	−0.5	−1.3
Membership (%)
State and local government	35.5%	37.0%	36.1%	35.6%	34.5%	33.6%	−0.9	−1.9
Education	39.2%	40.9%	40.3%	39.9%	38.6%	37.0%	−1.5	−2.2
K-12, Teachers	54.4%	56.6%	55.8%	54.7%	52.7%	51.1%	−1.6	−3.4
K-12, Non-teachers	33.0%	34.3%	33.6%	33.2%	33.4%	32.2%	−1.2	−0.8
Not K-12	18.7%	20.3%	20.2%	20.5%	18.3%	18.1%	−0.1	−0.5
Non-education	31.6%	33.0%	31.7%	31.4%	30.5%	30.2%	−0.3	−1.3
Coverage
State and local government	6,632,000	6,797,000	6,649,000	6,781,000	6,606,000	6,479,000	−127,000	−153,000
Education	3,802,000	3,824,000	3,812,000	3,857,000	3,695,000	3,596,000	−99,000	−205,000
K-12, Teachers	2,283,000	2,287,000	2,225,000	2,238,000	2,155,000	2,036,000	−119,000	−247,000
K-12, Non-teachers	1,115,000	1,099,000	1,163,000	1,196,000	1,169,000	1,167,000	−3,000	52,000
Not K-12	404,000	438,000	424,000	423,000	371,000	394,000	23,000	−10,000
Non-education	2,831,000	2,973,000	2,837,000	2,924,000	2,912,000	2,883,000	−29,000	52,000
Membership
State and local government	6,087,000	6,206,000	6,053,000	6,148,000	6,006,000	5,906,000	−100,000	−181,000
Education	3,451,000	3,450,000	3,412,000	3,448,000	3,319,000	3,236,000	−84,000	−215,000
K-12, Teachers	2,097,000	2,089,000	2,025,000	2,050,000	1,946,000	1,871,000	−75,000	−226,000
K-12, Non-teachers	994,000	976,000	1,028,000	1,030,000	1,048,000	1,018,000	−31,000	24,000
Not K-12	360,000	385,000	360,000	369,000	325,000	347,000	22,000	−13,000
Non-education	2,636,000	2,756,000	2,641,000	2,699,000	2,687,000	2,670,000	−16,000	34,000
Total employment
State and local government	17,143,000	16,784,000	16,789,000	17,252,000	17,408,000	17,574,000	167,000	431,000
Education	8,793,000	8,433,000	8,468,000	8,645,000	8,608,000	8,739,000	132,000	−53,000
K-12, Teachers	3,851,000	3,688,000	3,629,000	3,747,000	3,693,000	3,663,000	−30,000	−188,000
K-12, Non-teachers	3,011,000	2,844,000	3,063,000	3,100,000	3,135,000	3,161,000	26,000	150,000
Not K-12	1,930,000	1,901,000	1,776,000	1,797,000	1,780,000	1,915,000	135,000	−15,000
Non-education	8,350,000	8,352,000	8,321,000	8,608,000	8,800,000	8,835,000	35,000	485,000
Sample size
State and local government	16,673	14,966	14,690	13,976	13,321	13,360
Education	8,592	7,579	7,403	7,061	6,617	6,654
K-12, Teachers	3,765	3,293	3,115	3,012	2,791	2,764
K-12, Non-teachers	2,998	2,608	2,718	2,579	2,426	2,433
Not K-12	1,829	1,678	1,570	1,470	1,400	1,457
Non-education	8,081	7,387	7,287	6,915	6,704	6,706
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.58, https://microdata.epi.org.