Table 3: Union membership and union coverage, 12-months ending October, 2018 to 2023
State and local government
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Change
2023-2022 2023-2019
Coverage (%)
State and local government 38.4% 40.2% 39.6% 39.3% 37.6% −1.6 −0.8
Education 43.0% 44.8% 45.4% 44.4% 42.4% −2.1 −0.6
K-12, Teachers 58.7% 60.8% 62.0% 59.7% 57.8% −1.9 −0.9
K-12, Non-teachers 37.2% 39.2% 38.3% 38.4% 37.0% −1.5 −0.3
Not K-12 20.8% 22.7% 23.9% 23.2% 20.1% −3.1 −0.7
Non-education 33.7% 35.3% 33.7% 34.1% 33.0% −1.0 −0.6
Membership (%)
State and local government 35.2% 36.6% 36.0% 35.5% 34.2% −1.3 −1.0
Education 39.0% 40.3% 40.7% 39.7% 38.2% −1.5 −0.8
K-12, Teachers 54.0% 55.3% 56.4% 54.5% 52.4% −2.1 −1.6
K-12, Non-teachers 33.1% 34.9% 34.2% 33.2% 33.3% 0.1 0.2
Not K-12 18.5% 19.8% 20.1% 20.3% 17.6% −2.7 −0.9
Non-education 31.3% 32.7% 31.2% 31.4% 30.4% −1.0 −0.9
Coverage
State and local government 6,616,000 6,795,000 6,627,000 6,746,000 6,564,000 −182,000 −52,000
Education 3,769,000 3,853,000 3,826,000 3,830,000 3,634,000 −196,000 −136,000
K-12, Teachers 2,246,000 2,272,000 2,241,000 2,217,000 2,119,000 −98,000 −127,000
K-12, Non-teachers 1,121,000 1,134,000 1,159,000 1,195,000 1,157,000 −38,000 36,000
Not K-12 402,000 446,000 427,000 419,000 358,000 −61,000 −44,000
Non-education 2,847,000 2,942,000 2,801,000 2,916,000 2,931,000 14,000 84,000
Membership
State and local government 6,064,000 6,186,000 6,028,000 6,106,000 5,972,000 −134,000 −91,000
Education 3,418,000 3,463,000 3,434,000 3,418,000 3,275,000 −143,000 −143,000
K-12, Teachers 2,064,000 2,066,000 2,039,000 2,020,000 1,920,000 −100,000 −143,000
K-12, Non-teachers 997,000 1,009,000 1,036,000 1,032,000 1,041,000 9,000 44,000
Not K-12 358,000 389,000 359,000 366,000 314,000 −52,000 −44,000
Non-education 2,646,000 2,722,000 2,595,000 2,688,000 2,697,000 9,000 52,000
Total employment
State and local government 17,223,000 16,920,000 16,734,000 17,185,000 17,446,000 261,000 224,000
Education 8,770,000 8,596,000 8,429,000 8,621,000 8,578,000 −43,000 −192,000
K-12, Teachers 3,823,000 3,737,000 3,613,000 3,710,000 3,666,000 −44,000 −158,000
K-12, Non-teachers 3,012,000 2,891,000 3,027,000 3,108,000 3,129,000 21,000 117,000
Not K-12 1,935,000 1,968,000 1,789,000 1,804,000 1,784,000 −20,000 −152,000
Non-education 8,452,000 8,324,000 8,305,000 8,564,000 8,868,000 304,000 416,000
Sample size
State and local government 20,168 18,343 17,642 16,739 16,004
Education 10,342 9,347 8,877 8,470 7,920
K-12, Teachers 4,520 4,056 3,721 3,597 3,326
K-12, Non-teachers 3,603 3,200 3,243 3,086 2,912
Not K-12 2,219 2,091 1,913 1,787 1,682
Non-education 9,826 8,996 8,765 8,269 8,084
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Economic Policy Institute. 2020. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.45, https://microdata.epi.org.