Table 3: Union membership and union coverage, 11-months ending November, 2019 to 2024
State and local government
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Change
2024-2023 2024-2019
Coverage (%)
State and local government 38.7% 40.3% 39.4% 38.8% 37.9% 36.8% −1.0 −1.8
Education 43.3% 45.5% 44.9% 44.0% 43.0% 41.3% −1.7 −2.0
K-12, Teachers 59.3% 62.2% 61.1% 59.0% 58.4% 55.8% −2.6 −3.6
K-12, Non-teachers 37.4% 38.9% 38.2% 38.2% 37.4% 36.5% −0.9 −0.9
Not K-12 21.0% 23.0% 23.4% 22.8% 20.8% 20.9% 0.1 −0.1
Non-education 33.8% 35.1% 33.8% 33.8% 32.9% 32.4% −0.4 −1.4
Membership (%)
State and local government 35.4% 36.8% 35.9% 35.2% 34.5% 33.6% −0.9 −1.8
Education 39.1% 41.2% 40.1% 39.5% 38.7% 37.3% −1.4 −1.9
K-12, Teachers 54.2% 56.8% 55.5% 54.2% 53.0% 51.4% −1.6 −2.8
K-12, Non-teachers 33.4% 34.8% 33.7% 33.1% 33.2% 31.9% −1.4 −1.5
Not K-12 18.7% 20.3% 20.0% 19.9% 18.2% 18.3% 0.1 −0.4
Non-education 31.4% 32.4% 31.5% 31.1% 30.4% 30.0% −0.4 −1.4
Coverage
State and local government 6,658,000 6,759,000 6,612,000 6,713,000 6,607,000 6,459,000 −149,000 −199,000
Education 3,832,000 3,823,000 3,798,000 3,782,000 3,697,000 3,592,000 −105,000 −240,000
K-12, Teachers 2,292,000 2,280,000 2,209,000 2,195,000 2,165,000 2,063,000 −102,000 −229,000
K-12, Non-teachers 1,121,000 1,110,000 1,177,000 1,178,000 1,164,000 1,137,000 −26,000 16,000
Not K-12 419,000 434,000 413,000 409,000 368,000 391,000 23,000 −27,000
Non-education 2,826,000 2,936,000 2,814,000 2,931,000 2,911,000 2,867,000 −44,000 41,000
Membership
State and local government 6,092,000 6,174,000 6,014,000 6,092,000 6,011,000 5,891,000 −121,000 −202,000
Education 3,465,000 3,461,000 3,395,000 3,393,000 3,322,000 3,238,000 −84,000 −227,000
K-12, Teachers 2,093,000 2,085,000 2,005,000 2,016,000 1,964,000 1,901,000 −63,000 −192,000
K-12, Non-teachers 999,000 993,000 1,037,000 1,020,000 1,035,000 994,000 −41,000 −6,000
Not K-12 373,000 383,000 353,000 357,000 322,000 343,000 21,000 −30,000
Non-education 2,627,000 2,712,000 2,618,000 2,698,000 2,690,000 2,653,000 −37,000 26,000
Total employment
State and local government 17,215,000 16,777,000 16,773,000 17,283,000 17,449,000 17,538,000 89,000 323,000
Education 8,851,000 8,410,000 8,457,000 8,599,000 8,590,000 8,691,000 101,000 −160,000
K-12, Teachers 3,864,000 3,667,000 3,614,000 3,722,000 3,707,000 3,700,000 −7,000 −164,000
K-12, Non-teachers 2,995,000 2,853,000 3,078,000 3,086,000 3,115,000 3,117,000 2,000 122,000
Not K-12 1,992,000 1,889,000 1,765,000 1,792,000 1,768,000 1,874,000 106,000 −118,000
Non-education 8,363,000 8,367,000 8,316,000 8,683,000 8,859,000 8,847,000 −13,000 484,000
Sample size
State and local government 18,401 16,498 16,077 15,357 14,719 14,672
Education 9,479 8,322 8,090 7,714 7,296 7,272
K-12, Teachers 4,149 3,595 3,400 3,294 3,092 3,063
K-12, Non-teachers 3,273 2,886 2,980 2,804 2,662 2,635
Not K-12 2,057 1,841 1,710 1,616 1,542 1,574
Non-education 8,922 8,176 7,987 7,643 7,423 7,400
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.59, https://microdata.epi.org.