Table 3: Union membership and union coverage, 12-months ending December, 2019 to 2024
State and local government
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
State and local government	38.7%	40.3%	39.5%	38.7%	37.6%	37.1%	−0.5	−1.5
Education	43.1%	45.7%	44.8%	43.8%	42.7%	42.0%	−0.6	−1.1
K-12, Teachers	58.6%	62.6%	61.1%	59.0%	58.4%	56.5%	−1.8	−2.0
K-12, Non-teachers	37.9%	38.9%	37.9%	38.0%	36.6%	37.1%	0.5	−0.8
Not K-12	20.9%	23.2%	23.5%	22.3%	20.6%	21.8%	1.1	0.8
Non-education	33.9%	35.0%	34.2%	33.8%	32.7%	32.3%	−0.5	−1.6
Membership (%)
State and local government	35.3%	36.8%	35.9%	35.2%	34.2%	33.8%	−0.4	−1.6
Education	38.9%	41.3%	40.0%	39.3%	38.3%	38.0%	−0.3	−0.9
K-12, Teachers	53.5%	57.1%	55.4%	54.1%	53.0%	52.3%	−0.7	−1.2
K-12, Non-teachers	33.8%	34.9%	33.5%	33.1%	32.5%	32.5%	0.0	−1.2
Not K-12	18.5%	20.1%	20.1%	19.5%	17.9%	19.2%	1.4	0.8
Non-education	31.5%	32.3%	31.7%	31.1%	30.3%	29.6%	−0.7	−1.9
Coverage
State and local government	6,657,000	6,750,000	6,637,000	6,710,000	6,569,000	6,552,000	−17,000	−105,000
Education	3,834,000	3,836,000	3,793,000	3,768,000	3,661,000	3,685,000	24,000	−149,000
K-12, Teachers	2,269,000	2,292,000	2,206,000	2,188,000	2,157,000	2,099,000	−58,000	−170,000
K-12, Non-teachers	1,148,000	1,105,000	1,167,000	1,179,000	1,135,000	1,174,000	39,000	26,000
Not K-12	417,000	439,000	419,000	401,000	369,000	411,000	42,000	−5,000
Non-education	2,823,000	2,914,000	2,844,000	2,941,000	2,908,000	2,867,000	−41,000	44,000
Membership
State and local government	6,087,000	6,156,000	6,027,000	6,091,000	5,975,000	5,961,000	−14,000	−126,000
Education	3,464,000	3,465,000	3,388,000	3,383,000	3,287,000	3,334,000	47,000	−130,000
K-12, Teachers	2,072,000	2,092,000	1,999,000	2,007,000	1,959,000	1,941,000	−18,000	−132,000
K-12, Non-teachers	1,024,000	993,000	1,030,000	1,026,000	1,009,000	1,030,000	21,000	6,000
Not K-12	368,000	381,000	358,000	350,000	319,000	363,000	44,000	−4,000
Non-education	2,623,000	2,690,000	2,639,000	2,708,000	2,688,000	2,627,000	−61,000	4,000
Total employment
State and local government	17,219,000	16,730,000	16,799,000	17,317,000	17,464,000	17,652,000	188,000	433,000
Education	8,896,000	8,399,000	8,474,000	8,609,000	8,583,000	8,769,000	186,000	−127,000
K-12, Teachers	3,874,000	3,662,000	3,611,000	3,711,000	3,696,000	3,714,000	18,000	−160,000
K-12, Non-teachers	3,031,000	2,844,000	3,077,000	3,100,000	3,099,000	3,167,000	67,000	136,000
Not K-12	1,991,000	1,894,000	1,786,000	1,798,000	1,788,000	1,889,000	101,000	−103,000
Non-education	8,323,000	8,331,000	8,325,000	8,708,000	8,881,000	8,883,000	2,000	560,000
Sample size
State and local government	20,050	17,918	17,453	16,659	16,056	16,078
Education	10,360	9,053	8,812	8,364	7,957	8,003
K-12, Teachers	4,528	3,899	3,700	3,547	3,355	3,353
K-12, Non-teachers	3,590	3,133	3,225	3,065	2,906	2,912
Not K-12	2,242	2,021	1,887	1,752	1,696	1,738
Non-education	9,690	8,865	8,641	8,295	8,099	8,075
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.60, https://microdata.epi.org.