Table 3: Union membership and union coverage, 12-months ending December, 2019 to 2023
State and local government
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	Change
						2023-2022	2023-2019
Coverage (%)
State and local government	38.7%	40.3%	39.5%	38.7%	37.6%	−1.1	−1.0
Education	43.1%	45.7%	44.8%	43.8%	42.7%	−1.1	−0.4
K-12, Teachers	58.6%	62.6%	61.1%	59.0%	58.4%	−0.6	−0.2
K-12, Non-teachers	37.9%	38.9%	37.9%	38.0%	36.6%	−1.4	−1.3
Not K-12	20.9%	23.2%	23.5%	22.3%	20.6%	−1.7	−0.3
Non-education	33.9%	35.0%	34.2%	33.8%	32.7%	−1.0	−1.2
Membership (%)
State and local government	35.3%	36.8%	35.9%	35.2%	34.2%	−1.0	−1.1
Education	38.9%	41.3%	40.0%	39.3%	38.3%	−1.0	−0.6
K-12, Teachers	53.5%	57.1%	55.4%	54.1%	53.0%	−1.1	−0.5
K-12, Non-teachers	33.8%	34.9%	33.5%	33.1%	32.5%	−0.5	−1.2
Not K-12	18.5%	20.1%	20.1%	19.5%	17.9%	−1.6	−0.6
Non-education	31.5%	32.3%	31.7%	31.1%	30.3%	−0.8	−1.2
Coverage
State and local government	6,657,000	6,750,000	6,637,000	6,710,000	6,569,000	−140,000	−88,000
Education	3,834,000	3,836,000	3,793,000	3,768,000	3,661,000	−107,000	−173,000
K-12, Teachers	2,269,000	2,292,000	2,206,000	2,188,000	2,157,000	−31,000	−112,000
K-12, Non-teachers	1,148,000	1,105,000	1,167,000	1,179,000	1,135,000	−44,000	−13,000
Not K-12	417,000	439,000	419,000	401,000	369,000	−32,000	−48,000
Non-education	2,823,000	2,914,000	2,844,000	2,941,000	2,908,000	−33,000	85,000
Membership
State and local government	6,087,000	6,156,000	6,027,000	6,091,000	5,975,000	−115,000	−111,000
Education	3,464,000	3,465,000	3,388,000	3,383,000	3,287,000	−96,000	−177,000
K-12, Teachers	2,072,000	2,092,000	1,999,000	2,007,000	1,959,000	−48,000	−113,000
K-12, Non-teachers	1,024,000	993,000	1,030,000	1,026,000	1,009,000	−17,000	−15,000
Not K-12	368,000	381,000	358,000	350,000	319,000	−31,000	−49,000
Non-education	2,623,000	2,690,000	2,639,000	2,708,000	2,688,000	−20,000	65,000
Total employment
State and local government	17,219,000	16,730,000	16,799,000	17,317,000	17,464,000	148,000	245,000
Education	8,896,000	8,399,000	8,474,000	8,609,000	8,583,000	−26,000	−313,000
K-12, Teachers	3,874,000	3,662,000	3,611,000	3,711,000	3,696,000	−15,000	−178,000
K-12, Non-teachers	3,031,000	2,844,000	3,077,000	3,100,000	3,099,000	−1,000	68,000
Not K-12	1,991,000	1,894,000	1,786,000	1,798,000	1,788,000	−10,000	−204,000
Non-education	8,323,000	8,331,000	8,325,000	8,708,000	8,881,000	174,000	558,000
Sample size
State and local government	20,050	17,918	17,453	16,659	16,056
Education	10,360	9,053	8,812	8,364	7,957
K-12, Teachers	4,528	3,899	3,700	3,547	3,355
K-12, Non-teachers	3,590	3,133	3,225	3,065	2,906
Not K-12	2,242	2,021	1,887	1,752	1,696
Non-education	9,690	8,865	8,641	8,295	8,099
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Economic Policy Institute. 2020. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.47, https://microdata.epi.org.