Table 1: Union membership and union coverage, 10-months ending October, 2019 to 2024
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
All	11.6%	12.1%	11.6%	11.3%	11.2%	11.1%	−0.1	−0.5
Private sector	7.1%	7.2%	6.9%	6.7%	6.8%	6.7%	−0.1	−0.4
Public sector	37.2%	38.5%	37.5%	37.2%	36.2%	35.4%	−0.8	−1.8
Federal	30.5%	29.8%	28.6%	28.4%	28.9%	29.4%	0.5	−1.1
State and local	38.7%	40.5%	39.6%	39.3%	38.0%	36.9%	−1.1	−1.8
State	32.5%	33.8%	32.9%	34.4%	32.2%	30.9%	−1.4	−1.6
Local	42.9%	45.2%	44.2%	42.7%	42.1%	41.3%	−0.8	−1.5
Membership (%)
All	10.3%	10.9%	10.3%	10.1%	10.0%	9.9%	−0.1	−0.4
Private sector	6.2%	6.4%	6.1%	5.9%	6.0%	6.0%	−0.1	−0.3
Public sector	33.7%	34.9%	33.9%	33.6%	32.7%	32.0%	−0.8	−1.7
Federal	25.5%	25.8%	24.4%	24.7%	25.2%	25.1%	−0.2	−0.4
State and local	35.5%	37.0%	36.1%	35.6%	34.5%	33.6%	−0.9	−1.9
State	29.7%	30.0%	29.4%	31.1%	28.8%	27.6%	−1.2	−2.1
Local	39.5%	41.9%	40.6%	38.8%	38.7%	38.1%	−0.6	−1.3
Coverage
All	16,361,000	15,996,000	15,731,000	16,019,000	16,174,000	15,978,000	−197,000	−383,000
Private sector	8,571,000	8,046,000	7,982,000	8,093,000	8,387,000	8,283,000	−104,000	−288,000
Public sector	7,790,000	7,951,000	7,749,000	7,926,000	7,787,000	7,695,000	−93,000	−96,000
Federal	1,158,000	1,154,000	1,099,000	1,145,000	1,181,000	1,216,000	35,000	58,000
State and local	6,632,000	6,797,000	6,649,000	6,781,000	6,606,000	6,479,000	−127,000	−153,000
State	2,243,000	2,358,000	2,245,000	2,440,000	2,372,000	2,323,000	−49,000	80,000
Local	4,390,000	4,439,000	4,404,000	4,341,000	4,234,000	4,156,000	−78,000	−234,000
Membership
All	14,589,000	14,308,000	13,981,000	14,298,000	14,450,000	14,255,000	−194,000	−333,000
Private sector	7,535,000	7,105,000	6,990,000	7,155,000	7,413,000	7,312,000	−101,000	−223,000
Public sector	7,054,000	7,202,000	6,992,000	7,142,000	7,037,000	6,944,000	−93,000	−110,000
Federal	967,000	997,000	939,000	995,000	1,031,000	1,038,000	7,000	71,000
State and local	6,087,000	6,206,000	6,053,000	6,148,000	6,006,000	5,906,000	−100,000	−181,000
State	2,048,000	2,093,000	2,003,000	2,209,000	2,118,000	2,073,000	−44,000	25,000
Local	4,039,000	4,113,000	4,050,000	3,939,000	3,888,000	3,832,000	−56,000	−207,000
Total employment
All	141,576,000	131,761,000	135,812,000	141,603,000	144,503,000	144,518,000	15,000	2,943,000
Private sector	120,641,000	111,109,000	115,175,000	120,321,000	123,011,000	122,808,000	−203,000	2,167,000
Public sector	20,935,000	20,652,000	20,636,000	21,282,000	21,492,000	21,711,000	219,000	776,000
Federal	3,792,000	3,868,000	3,847,000	4,030,000	4,084,000	4,136,000	52,000	345,000
State and local	17,143,000	16,784,000	16,789,000	17,252,000	17,408,000	17,574,000	167,000	431,000
State	6,907,000	6,971,000	6,820,000	7,093,000	7,358,000	7,521,000	164,000	614,000
Local	10,236,000	9,813,000	9,970,000	10,159,000	10,050,000	10,053,000	3,000	−183,000
Sample size
All	128,763	110,659	112,513	108,792	104,587	104,660
Private sector	108,095	91,815	94,036	91,116	87,767	87,772
Public sector	20,668	18,844	18,477	17,676	16,820	16,888
Federal	3,995	3,878	3,787	3,700	3,499	3,528
State and local	16,673	14,966	14,690	13,976	13,321	13,360
State	7,185	6,627	6,419	6,191	6,051	6,120
Local	9,488	8,339	8,271	7,785	7,270	7,240
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.58, https://microdata.epi.org.