Table 1: Union membership and union coverage, 11-months ending November, 2019 to 2024
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Change
							2024-2023	2024-2019
Coverage (%)
All	11.6%	12.1%	11.6%	11.3%	11.2%	11.1%	−0.1	−0.5
Private sector	7.1%	7.2%	6.9%	6.8%	6.8%	6.8%	−0.1	−0.4
Public sector	37.2%	38.3%	37.5%	36.9%	36.1%	35.5%	−0.6	−1.7
Federal	30.5%	29.8%	28.9%	28.3%	28.6%	29.8%	1.2	−0.7
State and local	38.7%	40.3%	39.4%	38.8%	37.9%	36.8%	−1.0	−1.8
State	32.1%	33.6%	32.6%	33.6%	32.3%	31.2%	−1.1	−0.9
Local	43.1%	45.0%	44.1%	42.5%	41.9%	41.0%	−0.9	−2.1
Membership (%)
All	10.3%	10.8%	10.3%	10.1%	10.0%	9.9%	−0.1	−0.5
Private sector	6.3%	6.4%	6.1%	6.0%	6.0%	6.0%	−0.1	−0.3
Public sector	33.6%	34.7%	33.8%	33.2%	32.6%	31.9%	−0.7	−1.7
Federal	25.5%	25.8%	24.8%	24.4%	24.9%	25.0%	0.1	−0.5
State and local	35.4%	36.8%	35.9%	35.2%	34.5%	33.6%	−0.9	−1.8
State	29.2%	29.8%	29.1%	30.4%	28.9%	27.8%	−1.0	−1.4
Local	39.6%	41.7%	40.5%	38.7%	38.5%	37.9%	−0.7	−1.7
Coverage
All	16,405,000	15,938,000	15,741,000	15,987,000	16,180,000	15,995,000	−186,000	−410,000
Private sector	8,589,000	8,023,000	8,020,000	8,143,000	8,393,000	8,296,000	−98,000	−293,000
Public sector	7,816,000	7,915,000	7,721,000	7,843,000	7,787,000	7,699,000	−88,000	−117,000
Federal	1,158,000	1,155,000	1,109,000	1,130,000	1,180,000	1,240,000	61,000	82,000
State and local	6,658,000	6,759,000	6,612,000	6,713,000	6,607,000	6,459,000	−149,000	−199,000
State	2,229,000	2,346,000	2,227,000	2,387,000	2,386,000	2,336,000	−49,000	107,000
Local	4,429,000	4,413,000	4,385,000	4,326,000	4,222,000	4,122,000	−99,000	−306,000
Membership
All	14,606,000	14,268,000	13,990,000	14,274,000	14,432,000	14,246,000	−186,000	−360,000
Private sector	7,544,000	7,094,000	7,024,000	7,206,000	7,394,000	7,314,000	−80,000	−230,000
Public sector	7,062,000	7,174,000	6,966,000	7,068,000	7,038,000	6,932,000	−106,000	−130,000
Federal	969,000	1,000,000	953,000	976,000	1,026,000	1,041,000	15,000	72,000
State and local	6,092,000	6,174,000	6,014,000	6,092,000	6,011,000	5,891,000	−121,000	−202,000
State	2,029,000	2,081,000	1,988,000	2,161,000	2,131,000	2,083,000	−48,000	55,000
Local	4,064,000	4,092,000	4,026,000	3,931,000	3,881,000	3,807,000	−73,000	−257,000
Total employment
All	141,702,000	132,008,000	136,135,000	141,640,000	144,599,000	144,543,000	−56,000	2,841,000
Private sector	120,693,000	111,357,000	115,523,000	120,364,000	123,029,000	122,846,000	−183,000	2,152,000
Public sector	21,009,000	20,651,000	20,612,000	21,276,000	21,569,000	21,697,000	127,000	688,000
Federal	3,794,000	3,874,000	3,839,000	3,993,000	4,120,000	4,159,000	39,000	365,000
State and local	17,215,000	16,777,000	16,773,000	17,283,000	17,449,000	17,538,000	89,000	323,000
State	6,941,000	6,974,000	6,822,000	7,113,000	7,375,000	7,481,000	106,000	540,000
Local	10,273,000	9,803,000	9,950,000	10,170,000	10,074,000	10,057,000	−17,000	−217,000
Sample size
All	141,785	122,244	123,360	119,494	115,355	115,201
Private sector	118,974	101,446	103,146	100,115	96,763	96,630
Public sector	22,811	20,798	20,214	19,379	18,592	18,571
Federal	4,410	4,300	4,137	4,022	3,873	3,899
State and local	18,401	16,498	16,077	15,357	14,719	14,672
State	7,909	7,312	7,047	6,795	6,669	6,708
Local	10,492	9,186	9,030	8,562	8,050	7,964
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute. 2022. Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.59, https://microdata.epi.org.