Table 3: Union membership and union coverage, January to October, 2019 to 2022
State and local government
2019 2020 2021 2022 Change
2022-2021 2022-2019
Coverage (%)
State and local government 38.7% 40.5% 39.6% 39.3% −0.3 0.6
Education 43.2% 45.3% 45.0% 44.6% −0.4 1.4
K-12, Teachers 59.3% 62.2% 61.4% 59.8% −1.5 0.6
K-12, Non-teachers 37.0% 38.6% 38.0% 38.5% 0.5 1.5
Not K-12 20.9% 23.0% 23.9% 23.5% −0.3 2.6
Non-education 33.9% 35.6% 34.1% 34.0% −0.1 0.1
Membership (%)
State and local government 35.5% 37.0% 36.1% 35.6% −0.4 0.1
Education 39.2% 40.9% 40.3% 39.9% −0.4 0.6
K-12, Teachers 54.4% 56.8% 55.8% 54.8% −1.0 0.4
K-12, Non-teachers 33.0% 34.4% 33.6% 33.2% −0.4 0.2
Not K-12 18.7% 20.3% 20.2% 20.5% 0.3 1.9
Non-education 31.6% 33.0% 31.7% 31.4% −0.4 −0.2
Coverage
State and local government 6,632,000 6,797,000 6,649,000 6,781,000 131,000 149,000
Education 3,802,000 3,824,000 3,812,000 3,857,000 45,000 55,000
K-12, Teachers 2,283,000 2,278,000 2,218,000 2,232,000 14,000 −51,000
K-12, Non-teachers 1,115,000 1,108,000 1,170,000 1,202,000 32,000 87,000
Not K-12 404,000 438,000 424,000 423,000 −1,000 20,000
Non-education 2,831,000 2,973,000 2,837,000 2,924,000 87,000 93,000
Membership
State and local government 6,087,000 6,206,000 6,053,000 6,148,000 95,000 60,000
Education 3,451,000 3,450,000 3,412,000 3,448,000 36,000 −3,000
K-12, Teachers 2,097,000 2,080,000 2,019,000 2,044,000 25,000 −53,000
K-12, Non-teachers 994,000 985,000 1,034,000 1,035,000 2,000 41,000
Not K-12 360,000 385,000 360,000 369,000 9,000 9,000
Non-education 2,636,000 2,756,000 2,641,000 2,699,000 59,000 63,000
Total employment
State and local government 17,143,000 16,784,000 16,789,000 17,252,000 463,000 109,000
Education 8,793,000 8,433,000 8,468,000 8,645,000 177,000 −148,000
K-12, Teachers 3,851,000 3,665,000 3,615,000 3,730,000 115,000 −122,000
K-12, Non-teachers 3,011,000 2,867,000 3,077,000 3,118,000 41,000 107,000
Not K-12 1,930,000 1,901,000 1,776,000 1,797,000 21,000 −133,000
Non-education 8,350,000 8,352,000 8,321,000 8,608,000 286,000 257,000
Sample size
State and local government 16,673 14,966 14,690 13,976
Education 8,592 7,579 7,403 7,061
K-12, Teachers 3,765 3,271 3,105 3,002
K-12, Non-teachers 2,998 2,630 2,728 2,589
Not K-12 1,829 1,678 1,570 1,470
Non-education 8,081 7,387 7,287 6,915
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes. These potential errors are, by definition, larger for less than full-year estimates.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute (EPI) analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group Extracts, EPI Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.32 (2022), https://microdata.epi.org.