Table 1: Union membership and union coverage, January to October, 2019 to 2022
	2019	2020	2021	2022	Change
					2022-2021	2022-2019
Coverage (%)
All	11.6%	12.1%	11.6%	11.3%	−0.3	−0.2
Private sector	7.1%	7.2%	6.9%	6.7%	−0.2	−0.4
Public sector	37.2%	38.5%	37.5%	37.2%	−0.3	0.0
Federal	30.5%	29.8%	28.6%	28.4%	−0.2	−2.1
State and local	38.7%	40.5%	39.6%	39.3%	−0.3	0.6
State	32.5%	33.8%	32.9%	34.4%	1.5	1.9
Local	42.9%	45.2%	44.2%	42.7%	−1.4	−0.2
Membership (%)
All	10.3%	10.9%	10.3%	10.1%	−0.2	−0.2
Private sector	6.2%	6.4%	6.1%	5.9%	−0.1	−0.3
Public sector	33.7%	34.9%	33.9%	33.6%	−0.3	−0.1
Federal	25.5%	25.8%	24.4%	24.7%	0.3	−0.8
State and local	35.5%	37.0%	36.1%	35.6%	−0.4	0.1
State	29.7%	30.0%	29.4%	31.1%	1.8	1.5
Local	39.5%	41.9%	40.6%	38.8%	−1.8	−0.7
Coverage
All	16,361,000	15,996,000	15,731,000	16,019,000	289,000	−342,000
Private sector	8,571,000	8,046,000	7,982,000	8,093,000	111,000	−478,000
Public sector	7,790,000	7,951,000	7,749,000	7,926,000	177,000	136,000
Federal	1,158,000	1,154,000	1,099,000	1,145,000	46,000	−13,000
State and local	6,632,000	6,797,000	6,649,000	6,781,000	131,000	149,000
State	2,243,000	2,358,000	2,245,000	2,440,000	195,000	197,000
Local	4,390,000	4,439,000	4,404,000	4,341,000	−63,000	−49,000
Membership
All	14,589,000	14,308,000	13,981,000	14,298,000	317,000	−291,000
Private sector	7,535,000	7,105,000	6,990,000	7,155,000	166,000	−379,000
Public sector	7,054,000	7,202,000	6,992,000	7,142,000	151,000	88,000
Federal	967,000	997,000	939,000	995,000	56,000	28,000
State and local	6,087,000	6,206,000	6,053,000	6,148,000	95,000	60,000
State	2,048,000	2,093,000	2,003,000	2,209,000	205,000	160,000
Local	4,039,000	4,113,000	4,050,000	3,939,000	−111,000	−100,000
Total employment
All	141,576,000	131,761,000	135,812,000	141,603,000	5,791,000	27,000
Private sector	120,641,000	111,109,000	115,175,000	120,321,000	5,145,000	−320,000
Public sector	20,935,000	20,652,000	20,636,000	21,282,000	646,000	347,000
Federal	3,792,000	3,868,000	3,847,000	4,030,000	183,000	238,000
State and local	17,143,000	16,784,000	16,789,000	17,252,000	463,000	109,000
State	6,907,000	6,971,000	6,820,000	7,093,000	273,000	186,000
Local	10,236,000	9,813,000	9,970,000	10,159,000	190,000	−77,000
Sample size
All	128,763	110,659	112,513	108,792
Private sector	108,095	91,815	94,036	91,116
Public sector	20,668	18,844	18,477	17,676
Federal	3,995	3,878	3,787	3,700
State and local	16,673	14,966	14,690	13,976
State	7,185	6,627	6,419	6,191
Local	9,488	8,339	8,271	7,785
* Many estimates here and in the final published BLS report are subject to substantial sampling error due to small underlying sample sizes. These potential errors are, by definition, larger for less than full-year estimates.
Note: Workers 16 and older; excludes self-employed and self-incorporated. Changes may not match exactly due to rounding.
Source: Economic Policy Institute (EPI) analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group Extracts, EPI Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.32 (2022), https://microdata.epi.org.